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July 27, 2009 14 mins

In 1916, a series of shark attacks took place along the shores of New Jersey. The media downplayed the first attack as a fluke -- but the attacks continued. Tune in and learn more about the story that inspired Jaws in this podcast from HowStuffWorks.com.

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Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how
Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.
I'm editor Candice Keener joined my fellow editor Katy Lamford. Candice, Katie.
We have some mail, and not the kind of mail

(00:21):
that we like to read on the air. We have
an actual tangible piece of mail, a mysterious package. It's
it's a box, and so we opened this box. We
were going to do it live with everyone listening, but
we decided that since we didn't really know what was
in it, we didn't want to alarm anyone with our
girl ish screams and cries. So we opened this box
and inside is a a jar, and inside the jar,

(00:45):
we've got a pair of bloodied, shredded swim trunks for
one thing, and a newspaper clipping looks like an obituary,
a key chain and a copper tag that says www
Dot Frenzied waters dot com that's attached to what I
presume is an artificial shark tooth. And we were delighted.

(01:06):
We didn't know what this was, and then our producer
told us it's actually a marketing campaign from Discovery. So
we're still excited, but it's it's not as written with
mystery and intrigue as we had thought and hoped. No.
Shark Week two thousand nine, UM starting on August two,
I think this year and Shark Week, like um, Black

(01:27):
Friday is a holiday that everyone celebrates. You just you
have to get into it, you know, uh, with all
of your heart and mind and enthusiasm. And so we're
bringing a bit of a historical perspective to Shark Week
two thousand nine. So without further ado, we are going
to enlighten everyone about the nineteen sixteen shark tacks on

(01:48):
the Jersey Shore. And if you've seen Jaws, it was
actually based on this story. So go back to July
nineteen sixteen, UM, starting July one actually, so getting ready
for into Pendance Day weekend, and there is a heat
wave going on and also a polio epidemic and everyone
is heading to the seashore for the weekend. And you

(02:10):
should know that beach culture was really starting to take
off in this era in history. Starting around the mid
to late eighteen hundred, people began flocking to the beach.
For one, it was cheap. For another reason, there were
different modes of transportation that you could take to get there.
It was pretty accessible. You could go buy a horse
and wagon train automobile if you were lucky enough to

(02:34):
have one. You could even walk and sun and surf
and sand were a nice respite from insects and smoky,
dusty industrial cities. And even though you know the beach
was somewhat appealing, there were some things that weren't too
appealing about it. For instance, people were really cumbersome bathing suits,
sometimes made of wool and other heavy fabrics that well, um,

(02:57):
they didn't show off to but they also uh sort
of weighted people down. Picture yourself swimming in a woolen
dress women and for men it was like a large
tank top with shorts, and so they would absorb water
and make movement very difficult. And there weren't really lifeguards
as we think of lifeguards today until the nineteen hundred's.

(03:19):
Usually it was police officers who would stand in place
and pretend to be lifeguards for a little while while
people bobbed in the ocean, and different oceanside resorts would
section off their areas of the beach with poles and
rope and people would hold onto the ropes and floating
water in an activity called Fannie dunking you too, like

(03:41):
I really can't wait to hit the beach right now
and go hang on a rope. I know I'm stop.
And then in the nineteen hundreds it became even more
popular to go to the beach, and lifeguarding became a
specialized profession. And not only that, but resorts would advertise
that they actually had lifeguards, which would draw more people
because people thought, well, hey, it'll be safe to get

(04:02):
a Fanny dunk there's a lifeguard there. Some even had
medical pavilions with registered nurses to help care for them.
So it was a wonderful place to be. The seaside
and the Jersey Shore was really popular. Something like eleven
presidents the time had gone to stay, Mary Todd, Lincoln
went to visit um. President Garfield actually asked to go

(04:22):
there when he was dying from infection. So let's imagine
the scene. We've got the white sandy expanses of the
Jersey Shore coastal beach sides like Asbury Park, Spring Lake,
Seaside Heights, Beach Haven, Atlantic City. People are out and
they're colorful woolen separate, bathing in the sun. Perhaps some

(04:43):
striped umbrellas here and their general merriment, maybe even a
m a good smelling treat or to wafting in the
air when that mary scene would soon be interrupted by
grizzly crimes of nature. Charles Epting van Sant was there
with his family at Beach Haven, wh was on the
south coast of New Jersey. He was a University of
Pennsylvania grad. He'd just gotten a job at a Philadelphia

(05:06):
brokerage firm, and he was a pretty popular guy. Um.
He's part of the glee club and on the varsity
golf team, and he came from a very old family,
and he and his father and his sisters were there
at beach even for the weekend, and it was customary
for young men to go for a pre dinner dip
in the ocean, and Charles swam right out. But his

(05:28):
dick of the ocean didn't exactly go as planned. He
started crying out, and while some beach combers thought he
was calling out for a dog, he was actually crying
out for help because a shark had latched on to
his thigh. And there was a lifeguard actually there at
the time, Alexander Ott, who had been on the Olympic

(05:49):
swim team for the US, and he swam right out,
grabbed Van Sant and brought him in. But by the
time he brought him in, Van Sant was missing most
of his leg and he bled to death shortly thereafter. Yeah,
the sharks bite had suffered an artery in his sign
and so he led out pretty quickly. But people viewed

(06:10):
this largely as an isolated instant, and for a few
days things were calmed at the beach. And while today
that sort of accident might scare people away from the
beach for a very long time, it didn't really make
that huge of an impact. You know, we have the
local news at night broadcast scary stories and and put
people on alert, but most of the headlines of the

(06:31):
day were occupied with the events of World War One,
so people weren't too frightened of the beach. The story
was on page eighteen of the New York Times, it
didn't even hit the front page. And people largely conceived
of shark attacks as occurring in more southern Atlantic waters,
like around Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, so they thought
it was an anomaly, this one incident. It wouldn't happen again,

(06:52):
but that would not be the case. On July six
at Spring Like, a Swiss bellboy named Charles Brewder, who
worked at the six and Sussex Hotel, went out for
a swim, and he was very well liked among staff
and guests, and he actually sent most of his his
wages home to his Swiss mother because her other son

(07:12):
was at war. So he went out to a special
part of the beach that had been cornered off for
employee swim and all of a sudden he went under
and there was a large red patch in the ocean,
which led a woman to tell the lifeguard that she
thought a canoe had flipped over red canoe, and no
one had seen a red canoe, so for a couple

(07:33):
of minutes there was confusion, and then they realized that no,
it was blood and it was Charles Brewder, and the
lifeguards swam out in a boat and brought him back,
and he was missing both of his legs below the knee,
his bones were severed, his foot was missing, he had
severe wounds to his abdomen. And because this was such
a public rescue and public display of how badly mulled

(07:55):
his body was, people became much more aware and fright
of the sharks that may be cruising along the Jersey shore.
Spring Lake was a much richer, more elite little resort
town than Beach Haven was, so this made even more headlines.
Now people were starting to come to because it wasn't
just attacking the southern Jersey shore. No, the shark was

(08:15):
targeting the rich. But the shark knew no boundaries of
class because whether it was the same shark or a
different one. One actually swim inward toward Mattawan Creek, which
was a tidal river area off the coast. This was
fresh water, and on July twelve, a twelve year old
boy named Lester Stillwell was attacked, and Lester actually had epilepsy,

(08:38):
so when he went under in Mattawan Creek, which was
only about thirty ft wide and forty ft deep, his
friends thought that perhaps he'd had a seizure and he'd
gone under the surface and they needed help getting him out,
So they raised town and came back with a dry
cleaner named Stanley Fisher. Not to be confused with the
literary theorys Stanley Fish totally different man. So he starts

(09:02):
using it a pole to poke around the water to
try to locate his body, and he actually discovers that
there's a shark lurking in the depth. So imagine the
surprise a shark in fresh water. People are panicking, and
one of the accounts I had read said that they
had um stretched a net in the creek beforehand so
the body wouldn't wash out to see not knowing that

(09:24):
there was a shark, and the net would also keep
the shark in, and that maybe why it stayed there
and was able to attack Fisher instead of swimming back
to the ocean. But Fisher dove in and he was attacked.
The shark latched onto his right thigh, and another man
who had a boat actually tried to fend off the
shark with one of the oars, and he fended the

(09:45):
shark off successfully and got Fisher out, but Fisher later died.
So now we're up to four deaths the same summer
and the same general part of the country. And then
we go about half mile up from where Lester Stillwell
was killed and we have victim number five, Joseph Dunn.
The shark bit his leg, but he actually was rescued.

(10:06):
At this point, Mattawan residents had kind of wised up
to what was going on and he was able to
be saved. He was taken to the hospital, and they
had said that he would never walk again and his
limbs would probably be amputated, but he ended up keeping
both legs, which was great news. And he was the
only survivor in that series of brutal shark attacks. And

(10:27):
people were really just freaked out at this point, and
even President Woodrow Wilson had had enough. He launched a
war on the Sea of Terror, and he sent in
the Navy and the Coast Guard to help deal with
the problem. And I'm not exactly sure what they did
if they were on the lookout for sharks swimming along
the beach, or if they were actively trying to capture sharks,

(10:49):
But people thought that the Great White was out and
about riaking havoc on humanity, and civilians took up their
own sort of vigilante justice and shot, abbed, and dynamited
Mattawan Creek and started shooting sharks whenever they found them,
wherever they found them. There were several cases of civilians
shooting sharks in the head and then getting their pictures

(11:10):
taken for the newspaper, and clearly that would not fly today,
but to put it into context at the time and
the fear that was going on, it seemed appropriate and
a battle event and heroic. And there's actually an unbelievable
part of the story, but believable because it is true.
There's a man named Michael Schleisser who was a taxidermist

(11:32):
and supposedly a Barnum and Bailey circus lion tamer, and
while he was out fishing, he actually caught a shark
in Raritan Bay. It was a great white and supposedly
when they opened it they found human flesh inside about
fifteen pounds. So it was that great white the terror
of Mattawan Creek or was it something else. Scientists today

(11:56):
and a theologist who look back and examine that summer
and that behave you're of different types of sharks and
who the likely as culprits would be, are are not
exactly sure that that's the mark of a great white.
Even Fabian Crusto, who you may know from his father
Jacques Crusto, said that it was unlikely a great white
would be in freshwater. It's more likely the work of

(12:17):
a bull shark, which is only one of only two
species that can go in in fresh waters. Bull Sharks
also have really small eyes, much smaller than other sharks,
so their vision is pretty limited, which is why they
like to swim near the shore because they can just
sort of bump into things instead. And in fact, their
hunting method is called the bump and bite because they

(12:38):
will bump into something, figure out what it is from
the bump, and then bite it. So I don't believe you.
If a bull shark butts into you, things are not
going to go well. Get away quickly. And after Katrina,
actually a bunch of bull sharks were found um in
Lake pontcher Train and they live in several freshwater lakes.
And of course the purpose of this shark podcast is

(13:00):
to talk about a particular moment in history and to
think about the way that beach culture and attitude toward
the ocean and the ocean predators have changed throughout time.
It's not too scare you off from your your beach
vacation by all means, go invite Katie and me will
come and we'll come with you. But um, it is

(13:21):
important to know just what's out there, and it's it's
fun to look at how people's attitudes have changed about
bathing culture and well even sharks. Yeah, scientists at the
time kept telling people there were no danger, and in fact,
there were several who said that it couldn't possibly have
been a shark who attacked these people because sharks, you know,
don't do unprovoked attacks, and that perhaps it was a
sea turtle instead, So a crazy sea turtle might not

(13:44):
make us good a movie as jobs, but still that
was one theory. Well, now we know better, and the
likes of tortoises and sea turtles are relegated to whimsical
animated movies and in stories about who's fast or a
turtle or a rabbit, money's on the rabbit. But if
you want to learn even more about sharks, shark attacks,

(14:04):
and post Victorian beach and bathing culture, be sure to
visit the website and how stuff works dot com. For
more on this and thousands of other topics, visit how
stuff works dot com. Let us know what you think,
send an email to podcast at how stuff works dot com,
and be sure to check out the stuff you missed
in History Class blog on the how stuff works dot

(14:26):
com home page.

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