July 5, 2010 • 15 mins
In 1972 the tension between the United Kingdom and the Irish Republican Army rose to a fever pitch as the British Army and Irish protestors clashed. Learn more about the contentious partition of Ireland -- and Bloody Sunday -- in this podcast.
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how
Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. And today's subject
is pretty serious and it's been in the news a
(00:20):
lot lately, and to me, it's always fascinating when something
that happened in the past makes headlines. It's because of
new archaeological insight, or medical analysis, or just the most
thorough review of buried facts you could possibly do. And
I think it's interesting because it gives people the chance
to revisit a story that they may have only learned
(00:41):
about in textbooks or in films. It gives people a
chance to revisit history well and let us see what
history really is, which, of course is something that's subject
to interpretation and not ever as final as it may
seem to us. And we've done so many episodes where
there are huge blanks in the information that's out there,
(01:02):
and they're definitely harder for us to research that trapp
or of rat River lev Um. But there's some of
your favorites and a lot of those blank spots aren't
ever going to be filled, but others can still come
to light. And that's what we're talking about today. Yeah,
our subject today would have been a very different kind
of episode had we recorded it one week earlier, because
(01:23):
it would have been before the release of the Sable Report,
which is this five thousand page blow by blow account
of the events of Bloody Sunday, and it's really shined
so much light on a very murky period in history.
The BBC says the report's length and depth may have
and a quote in any other context, have rendered it
(01:44):
a purely academic and historic document. But in the context
of Northern Ireland, this report is alive with the lessons
of history. But first, as always, we better go back
a little bit and find out what happened before we
can really understand this report and it's significance. So in
nineteen sixty nine, British soldiers had arrived in Northern Ireland
(02:05):
to protect Catholics after all, the rising tensions there were
creating a lot of trouble, and by nineteen seventy two,
Irish nationalists believed that the British were just there's occupying forces.
They wanted them out of the country and it wasn't
long before Northern Ireland's unionist government started to enter suspected
paramilitaries without trial, something that was making people very upset.
(02:28):
Another civil right that was taken away was the right
to march to protest um and people were getting really
tired of this. So on January thirti, nineteen seventy two,
a civil rights group and Londonderry had decided to stage
a peaceful mass demonstration to protest the ban. The march
was organized by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and
(02:51):
its organizers really meant for it to be peaceful, although
riots at the time were a frequent event. They even
contacted Republican factions and urged them to hold back any
violence and allow the demonstration to take place in peace.
But as Sarah mentioned, tensions were high. You know, just
a few days earlier to London dairy policemen had been killed,
(03:11):
and so many people were really on edge. But others,
and will include a lot of young people in this
group too. We're just out there to be together and
take part in this protest. One of the injured women
later recounted that she had gone to hang out with
her friends and to show off her new coat. So
I don't think of this protest as having every single
(03:32):
person involved, at the height of distress and ready to
be violent. It wasn't quite like that, and the ten
thousand people marched towards Guildhall Square, but they found it
barricaded because in anticipation of trouble, the first battalion of
the Parachute Regiment had been sent from Belfast to Dairy
(03:53):
and the recent reports suggested that perhaps this was the
wrong group to try to maintain the peace with, since
they were known for their horse So when the crowd
hit the barricade, most turned toward Fredairy Corner and others
stayed on course, and that's when a riot began typical
and that the protesters throw stones and the troops fired
rubber bullets and a water cannon, but the troops had
(04:16):
orders to arrest as many people as possible, and the
violence began to escalate, and so shots rang out, and
within half an hour thirteen protesters were dead and fourteen
were injured, one of whom later died from his wounds,
and a lot of the dead are really young boys
about seventeen years old, and the most famous image from
the event is one of those young boys, seventeen year
(04:38):
old named Jackie Duddy, who was mortally wounded, and there's
a famous picture of him being rushed out of the
crowd with a priest in front of him waving a
white handkerchief as a flag. And from those thirty minutes
of violence, many questions arose, who fired first, where the
dead men armed or innocence civilians, and who was responsible.
(05:03):
An inquiry was immediately ordered by Prime Minister Edward Heath
and was led by the Lord Chief Justice of England,
Lord Widgery, and he quickly produced a sixty page report
concluding that while the dead didn't have weapons on them
on their dead bodies, they may have been armed before that,
or may have fired weapons before and it also concluded
(05:23):
that the demonstrators had definitely fired the first shots which
necessitated the army's response, and people are understandably outraged at
this conclusion. The Dairy coroner said that the deaths were
unadulterated murder, So there's no question about what most of
the people involved felt about this incident, and so for
the next several decades, nationalists and relatives of the victims
(05:46):
and just people interested in seeing justice carried out, pushed
for a new inquiry, and the violence spread to this
the events of Bloody Sunday really pushed the state of
Northern Ireland in to catastrophe. Bloody Sunday basically ended these
non violent approaches to civil rights as more people began
(06:07):
to support the IRA, which advocated force against the UK
to get them out of Northern Ireland. Yeah, only a
few weeks after the incident, the Prime Minister had suspended
Parliament in Belfast and imposed direct British rule, and only
six months after the event, the provisional IRA came out
really hard. They detonated twenty bombs ever Belfast, killing nine people,
(06:29):
mutilating a hundred and thirty people, and over the next
few decades at least three thousand, six hundred people die
in these troubled times between the two countries. This direct
rule lasted until nine with the Good Friday Peace Pact
which helped de escalate the violence, and Prime Minister Tony
(06:50):
Blair also marked the piece by commissioning an inquest to
the event which had sent the troubles spiraling out of control,
which is Bloody Sunday. So the inquest produced a report,
the Savile Inquiry, which was led by the Judge Lord
Saville and took twelve years to research it called witnesses,
and it cost two hundred and eighty million dollars, and
(07:13):
I'd like to thank the New York Times for converting
that figure into dollars for me. And at least one man,
Mickey McKinney, who was the brother of one of the victims,
attended every day of the hearings, which is unbelievable, hearings
that go on for twelve years. Just imagine how much
that would dominate your life. He even commuted to London
for a time when they had moved the case there
(07:36):
because they were concerned about the safety of some of
the people testifying. And this inquiry completely recreated the events
oft and most importantly answered those lingering questions. It concluded
that none of the victims had posed a threat, that
the first shots came from the British Army, and that
while there was some firing from Republican paramilitaries mixed in
(07:57):
with the crowd, it didn't warrant shooting on our civilians.
And also that none of the soldiers had fired in
response to people throwing projectiles, something the soldiers lawyers had
long claimed. And then, in this remarkable speech that happened
just a few days before we're recording this, the still
new Prime Minister David Cameron apologized before Parliament saying that
(08:20):
the bloody Sunday shootings were quote both unjustified and unjustifiable,
and that quote what happened should never ever have happened.
The families of those who died should not have had
to live with the pain and hurt of that day
in a lifetime of loss. Some members of our armed
forces acted wrongly. The Government is ultimately responsible for the
conduct of the armed forces and for that on the
(08:42):
behalf of the government and indeed our country. I am
deeply sorry. So very powerful words to come from the
Prime Minister to Parliament, and they were viewed by news
people all over the world and most importantly people in
Northern Ireland have met with years and Londonderry people were
congregating with you know, photos of the victims and ripping
(09:05):
up the old Widgery report to to celebrate what he
was saying. Yeah, and the report really does give us
a lot of new insight into what actually happened, specific details.
As I said earlier, it's really a blow by blow thing.
The the summary of the report is sixty pages. That's
how long the old report is that gives you a
pretty good example of how detailed it is. But one
(09:28):
of the things we get a better sense about is
the order that things progressed in that events progressed in.
And we know that the parachute Regiment had had orders
to arrest rioters, but the orders from ground Commander Brigadier
Pat McClellan had been to make arrest only when the
rioters were separate from the marchers, to to split up
those two groups, and instead Colonel Derreck Wilford pursued arrest
(09:52):
in the crowd where there was no way to tell
who was who, who was a rioter who was trying
to flee the scene. And meanwhile, an anonymous Lieutenant Inn
fired shots over the head of the crowd, which was
a really big mistake because it sent his own fellow
soldiers into panic. They didn't know where the shots were
coming from. Imagine in the middle of a riot, they
(10:14):
have the fog guns going off, the water hoses, you
can't tell what's going on, and they hear these bullets
starting to fire. The report noted that quote soldiers reacted
by losing their self control and firing themselves forgetting or
ignoring their instructions and training, and failing to satisfy themselves
that they had identified targets posing a threat of causing
(10:35):
death or serious injury, and they likely believe that they
were firing at provisional or official IRA members, But in reality,
only one of those killed, Gerald Donnie, was even a
member of the group's youth wing, and while he was
quote probably carrying nail bombs, the report still calls his
death unjustified and concluded that one victim was shot while
(10:57):
crawling away and that another was shot at while already
dying and already several of the soldiers who had not
fired shots rejected this report's criticism of Wilford, saying that
some senior official had to be blamed and it happened
to be Wilford. But what's really interesting about the report
is its acknowledgement of the shooting's future impact on the
relations between England and Northern Ireland. It goes pretty in
(11:20):
depth with that, and one quote is what happened on
Bloody Sunday strengthened the Provisional IRA, increased nationalist resentment and
hostility towards the army, and exacerbated the violent conflicts of
the years that followed, so it's really acknowledging all that
comes from this single thirty minute incident. So the solid
(11:42):
report helped settle some long held questions about who was responsible,
and it also gave family members the chance to you know,
many of them are getting up in front of crowds
and saying the name of their their loved one, the victim,
and then being able to say innocent after it, because
they all knew that they were in an But now
you've got, you know, that that official word that yes,
(12:03):
they didn't do anything wrong. But there's at least one
big question left, which is should the soldiers and their
commander face criminal prosecution And the decision rests with Northern
Ireland's Public Prosecution Service, something Cameron alluded to in his speech,
and it's likely that new information will come out on
this by the time we published this episode, and in
(12:24):
fact the story was updating as Sarah was researching. It's
also interesting to note that this report has been ready
for a short time at least. The former Prime Minister
Brown actually kept back the results until the country's May
elections were over because he was afraid that what the results,
whatever they may be, would cause some sort of trouble,
(12:45):
and Cameron also alluded to the overall history of Britain
in Ireland during this time period, trying to point out
that a thousand soldiers and policemen had been killed during
the conflicts and that this was a terrible anomaly out
of um, out of the regular service that was going on.
(13:07):
But he also said that you do not defend the
British Army by defending the indefensible. We do not honor
all those who have served with distinction in keeping the
peace and upholding the rule of law in Northern Ireland
by hiding from the truth. So it's interesting to see
such a candid document come out and have a Prime
Minister talk about it in such a way, and I
(13:28):
guess we can only hope that it works to promote
future peace and not do anything to hinder it. Well,
after all, like Bono says, the two song Bloody Sunday
is not a rebel song and that reps up what
we know today about Bloody Sunday, although of course that
may change. And that brings us to listener mail. One
(13:54):
listener wrote us about a podcast we did a while
back on St Patrick's Day, Brian Boru, and he said,
I know it's a while since you did your podcast
about Brian Boru, but there's one important aspect of his
success that you missed, and that slavery. In Ireland. At
the time, those defeated in battle would surrender except the
overlordship of their victor and go home to lick their
(14:14):
wounds and give military support to their new overlord until
the next time they felt strong enough to oppose him.
And when Brian's dull cash captured Limerick from the Vikings,
they had a much more lucrative option available to them.
They sold their vanquished opponents into slavery, and whatever Brian's
dislike of the Vikings of Limerick, he was happy to
use them to destroy his enemies. To be defeated in
(14:37):
battle by Brian Boru could easily mean being marched to
Limerick in chains, loaded on board a Viking ship, and
finding yourself the property of a Spanish or North African
war For Brian, it meant a defeated enemy need not
be of any future concern. His war chest would be
filled with foreign gold and potential enemies would have to
think very carefully about opposing him. I wish I could
(14:58):
remember my sources, but unfortunate only I can only pass
it on as top of the head information which may
interest you but can be used. But we are using
it in listener mail, so if you'd like to email
us Great History Podcast at how stuff works dot com.
But that's not the only way to get in touch.
We're also on Twitter at missed in History, and we
have a Facebook fan page. Or we'll keep you updated
(15:20):
on what we're doing and what we're researching, and as always,
feel free to visit our homepage at www dot how
stuff works dot com For more on this and thousands
of other topics. Visit how stuff works dot com and
be sure to check out the stuff you missed in
the History Glass blog on the how stuff works dot
com one page
Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how
Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
I'm Katie Lambert and I'm Sarah Dowdy. And today's subject
is pretty serious and it's been in the news a
(00:20):
lot lately, and to me, it's always fascinating when something
that happened in the past makes headlines. It's because of
new archaeological insight, or medical analysis, or just the most
thorough review of buried facts you could possibly do. And
I think it's interesting because it gives people the chance
to revisit a story that they may have only learned
(00:41):
about in textbooks or in films. It gives people a
chance to revisit history well and let us see what
history really is, which, of course is something that's subject
to interpretation and not ever as final as it may
seem to us. And we've done so many episodes where
there are huge blanks in the information that's out there,
(01:02):
and they're definitely harder for us to research that trapp
or of rat River lev Um. But there's some of
your favorites and a lot of those blank spots aren't
ever going to be filled, but others can still come
to light. And that's what we're talking about today. Yeah,
our subject today would have been a very different kind
of episode had we recorded it one week earlier, because
(01:23):
it would have been before the release of the Sable Report,
which is this five thousand page blow by blow account
of the events of Bloody Sunday, and it's really shined
so much light on a very murky period in history.
The BBC says the report's length and depth may have
and a quote in any other context, have rendered it
(01:44):
a purely academic and historic document. But in the context
of Northern Ireland, this report is alive with the lessons
of history. But first, as always, we better go back
a little bit and find out what happened before we
can really understand this report and it's significance. So in
nineteen sixty nine, British soldiers had arrived in Northern Ireland
(02:05):
to protect Catholics after all, the rising tensions there were
creating a lot of trouble, and by nineteen seventy two,
Irish nationalists believed that the British were just there's occupying forces.
They wanted them out of the country and it wasn't
long before Northern Ireland's unionist government started to enter suspected
paramilitaries without trial, something that was making people very upset.
(02:28):
Another civil right that was taken away was the right
to march to protest um and people were getting really
tired of this. So on January thirti, nineteen seventy two,
a civil rights group and Londonderry had decided to stage
a peaceful mass demonstration to protest the ban. The march
was organized by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and
(02:51):
its organizers really meant for it to be peaceful, although
riots at the time were a frequent event. They even
contacted Republican factions and urged them to hold back any
violence and allow the demonstration to take place in peace.
But as Sarah mentioned, tensions were high. You know, just
a few days earlier to London dairy policemen had been killed,
(03:11):
and so many people were really on edge. But others,
and will include a lot of young people in this
group too. We're just out there to be together and
take part in this protest. One of the injured women
later recounted that she had gone to hang out with
her friends and to show off her new coat. So
I don't think of this protest as having every single
(03:32):
person involved, at the height of distress and ready to
be violent. It wasn't quite like that, and the ten
thousand people marched towards Guildhall Square, but they found it
barricaded because in anticipation of trouble, the first battalion of
the Parachute Regiment had been sent from Belfast to Dairy
(03:53):
and the recent reports suggested that perhaps this was the
wrong group to try to maintain the peace with, since
they were known for their horse So when the crowd
hit the barricade, most turned toward Fredairy Corner and others
stayed on course, and that's when a riot began typical
and that the protesters throw stones and the troops fired
rubber bullets and a water cannon, but the troops had
(04:16):
orders to arrest as many people as possible, and the
violence began to escalate, and so shots rang out, and
within half an hour thirteen protesters were dead and fourteen
were injured, one of whom later died from his wounds,
and a lot of the dead are really young boys
about seventeen years old, and the most famous image from
the event is one of those young boys, seventeen year
(04:38):
old named Jackie Duddy, who was mortally wounded, and there's
a famous picture of him being rushed out of the
crowd with a priest in front of him waving a
white handkerchief as a flag. And from those thirty minutes
of violence, many questions arose, who fired first, where the
dead men armed or innocence civilians, and who was responsible.
(05:03):
An inquiry was immediately ordered by Prime Minister Edward Heath
and was led by the Lord Chief Justice of England,
Lord Widgery, and he quickly produced a sixty page report
concluding that while the dead didn't have weapons on them
on their dead bodies, they may have been armed before that,
or may have fired weapons before and it also concluded
(05:23):
that the demonstrators had definitely fired the first shots which
necessitated the army's response, and people are understandably outraged at
this conclusion. The Dairy coroner said that the deaths were
unadulterated murder, So there's no question about what most of
the people involved felt about this incident, and so for
the next several decades, nationalists and relatives of the victims
(05:46):
and just people interested in seeing justice carried out, pushed
for a new inquiry, and the violence spread to this
the events of Bloody Sunday really pushed the state of
Northern Ireland in to catastrophe. Bloody Sunday basically ended these
non violent approaches to civil rights as more people began
(06:07):
to support the IRA, which advocated force against the UK
to get them out of Northern Ireland. Yeah, only a
few weeks after the incident, the Prime Minister had suspended
Parliament in Belfast and imposed direct British rule, and only
six months after the event, the provisional IRA came out
really hard. They detonated twenty bombs ever Belfast, killing nine people,
(06:29):
mutilating a hundred and thirty people, and over the next
few decades at least three thousand, six hundred people die
in these troubled times between the two countries. This direct
rule lasted until nine with the Good Friday Peace Pact
which helped de escalate the violence, and Prime Minister Tony
(06:50):
Blair also marked the piece by commissioning an inquest to
the event which had sent the troubles spiraling out of control,
which is Bloody Sunday. So the inquest produced a report,
the Savile Inquiry, which was led by the Judge Lord
Saville and took twelve years to research it called witnesses,
and it cost two hundred and eighty million dollars, and
(07:13):
I'd like to thank the New York Times for converting
that figure into dollars for me. And at least one man,
Mickey McKinney, who was the brother of one of the victims,
attended every day of the hearings, which is unbelievable, hearings
that go on for twelve years. Just imagine how much
that would dominate your life. He even commuted to London
for a time when they had moved the case there
(07:36):
because they were concerned about the safety of some of
the people testifying. And this inquiry completely recreated the events
oft and most importantly answered those lingering questions. It concluded
that none of the victims had posed a threat, that
the first shots came from the British Army, and that
while there was some firing from Republican paramilitaries mixed in
(07:57):
with the crowd, it didn't warrant shooting on our civilians.
And also that none of the soldiers had fired in
response to people throwing projectiles, something the soldiers lawyers had
long claimed. And then, in this remarkable speech that happened
just a few days before we're recording this, the still
new Prime Minister David Cameron apologized before Parliament saying that
(08:20):
the bloody Sunday shootings were quote both unjustified and unjustifiable,
and that quote what happened should never ever have happened.
The families of those who died should not have had
to live with the pain and hurt of that day
in a lifetime of loss. Some members of our armed
forces acted wrongly. The Government is ultimately responsible for the
conduct of the armed forces and for that on the
(08:42):
behalf of the government and indeed our country. I am
deeply sorry. So very powerful words to come from the
Prime Minister to Parliament, and they were viewed by news
people all over the world and most importantly people in
Northern Ireland have met with years and Londonderry people were
congregating with you know, photos of the victims and ripping
(09:05):
up the old Widgery report to to celebrate what he
was saying. Yeah, and the report really does give us
a lot of new insight into what actually happened, specific details.
As I said earlier, it's really a blow by blow thing.
The the summary of the report is sixty pages. That's
how long the old report is that gives you a
pretty good example of how detailed it is. But one
(09:28):
of the things we get a better sense about is
the order that things progressed in that events progressed in.
And we know that the parachute Regiment had had orders
to arrest rioters, but the orders from ground Commander Brigadier
Pat McClellan had been to make arrest only when the
rioters were separate from the marchers, to to split up
those two groups, and instead Colonel Derreck Wilford pursued arrest
(09:52):
in the crowd where there was no way to tell
who was who, who was a rioter who was trying
to flee the scene. And meanwhile, an anonymous Lieutenant Inn
fired shots over the head of the crowd, which was
a really big mistake because it sent his own fellow
soldiers into panic. They didn't know where the shots were
coming from. Imagine in the middle of a riot, they
(10:14):
have the fog guns going off, the water hoses, you
can't tell what's going on, and they hear these bullets
starting to fire. The report noted that quote soldiers reacted
by losing their self control and firing themselves forgetting or
ignoring their instructions and training, and failing to satisfy themselves
that they had identified targets posing a threat of causing
(10:35):
death or serious injury, and they likely believe that they
were firing at provisional or official IRA members, But in reality,
only one of those killed, Gerald Donnie, was even a
member of the group's youth wing, and while he was
quote probably carrying nail bombs, the report still calls his
death unjustified and concluded that one victim was shot while
(10:57):
crawling away and that another was shot at while already
dying and already several of the soldiers who had not
fired shots rejected this report's criticism of Wilford, saying that
some senior official had to be blamed and it happened
to be Wilford. But what's really interesting about the report
is its acknowledgement of the shooting's future impact on the
relations between England and Northern Ireland. It goes pretty in
(11:20):
depth with that, and one quote is what happened on
Bloody Sunday strengthened the Provisional IRA, increased nationalist resentment and
hostility towards the army, and exacerbated the violent conflicts of
the years that followed, so it's really acknowledging all that
comes from this single thirty minute incident. So the solid
(11:42):
report helped settle some long held questions about who was responsible,
and it also gave family members the chance to you know,
many of them are getting up in front of crowds
and saying the name of their their loved one, the victim,
and then being able to say innocent after it, because
they all knew that they were in an But now
you've got, you know, that that official word that yes,
(12:03):
they didn't do anything wrong. But there's at least one
big question left, which is should the soldiers and their
commander face criminal prosecution And the decision rests with Northern
Ireland's Public Prosecution Service, something Cameron alluded to in his speech,
and it's likely that new information will come out on
this by the time we published this episode, and in
(12:24):
fact the story was updating as Sarah was researching. It's
also interesting to note that this report has been ready
for a short time at least. The former Prime Minister
Brown actually kept back the results until the country's May
elections were over because he was afraid that what the results,
whatever they may be, would cause some sort of trouble,
(12:45):
and Cameron also alluded to the overall history of Britain
in Ireland during this time period, trying to point out
that a thousand soldiers and policemen had been killed during
the conflicts and that this was a terrible anomaly out
of um, out of the regular service that was going on.
(13:07):
But he also said that you do not defend the
British Army by defending the indefensible. We do not honor
all those who have served with distinction in keeping the
peace and upholding the rule of law in Northern Ireland
by hiding from the truth. So it's interesting to see
such a candid document come out and have a Prime
Minister talk about it in such a way, and I
(13:28):
guess we can only hope that it works to promote
future peace and not do anything to hinder it. Well,
after all, like Bono says, the two song Bloody Sunday
is not a rebel song and that reps up what
we know today about Bloody Sunday, although of course that
may change. And that brings us to listener mail. One
(13:54):
listener wrote us about a podcast we did a while
back on St Patrick's Day, Brian Boru, and he said,
I know it's a while since you did your podcast
about Brian Boru, but there's one important aspect of his
success that you missed, and that slavery. In Ireland. At
the time, those defeated in battle would surrender except the
overlordship of their victor and go home to lick their
(14:14):
wounds and give military support to their new overlord until
the next time they felt strong enough to oppose him.
And when Brian's dull cash captured Limerick from the Vikings,
they had a much more lucrative option available to them.
They sold their vanquished opponents into slavery, and whatever Brian's
dislike of the Vikings of Limerick, he was happy to
use them to destroy his enemies. To be defeated in
(14:37):
battle by Brian Boru could easily mean being marched to
Limerick in chains, loaded on board a Viking ship, and
finding yourself the property of a Spanish or North African
war For Brian, it meant a defeated enemy need not
be of any future concern. His war chest would be
filled with foreign gold and potential enemies would have to
think very carefully about opposing him. I wish I could
(14:58):
remember my sources, but unfortunate only I can only pass
it on as top of the head information which may
interest you but can be used. But we are using
it in listener mail, so if you'd like to email
us Great History Podcast at how stuff works dot com.
But that's not the only way to get in touch.
We're also on Twitter at missed in History, and we
have a Facebook fan page. Or we'll keep you updated
(15:20):
on what we're doing and what we're researching, and as always,
feel free to visit our homepage at www dot how
stuff works dot com For more on this and thousands
of other topics. Visit how stuff works dot com and
be sure to check out the stuff you missed in
the History Glass blog on the how stuff works dot
com one page
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Decisions, Decisions
Welcome to "Decisions, Decisions," the podcast where boundaries are pushed, and conversations get candid! Join your favorite hosts, Mandii B and WeezyWTF, as they dive deep into the world of non-traditional relationships and explore the often-taboo topics surrounding dating, sex, and love. Every Monday, Mandii and Weezy invite you to unlearn the outdated narratives dictated by traditional patriarchal norms. With a blend of humor, vulnerability, and authenticity, they share their personal journeys navigating their 30s, tackling the complexities of modern relationships, and engaging in thought-provoking discussions that challenge societal expectations. From groundbreaking interviews with diverse guests to relatable stories that resonate with your experiences, "Decisions, Decisions" is your go-to source for open dialogue about what it truly means to love and connect in today's world. Get ready to reshape your understanding of relationships and embrace the freedom of authentic connections—tune in and join the conversation!