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January 12, 2009 13 mins

During World War II, the bravery of Kamikaze pilots was legendary. When the war concluded, several Japanese soldiers remained in hiding on islands across the Pacific. Learn more about Japanese holdouts and the Bushido code in this HowStuffWorks podcast.

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Episode Transcript

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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how
Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.
I'm editor Kandis Skipson, joined my staff writer Jane McGrath.
Say they're candas Jane. My fiancy Stewart loves to watch
war movies and if they're in black and white, even better.

(00:23):
He's crazy about them. And some of my most favorite ones.
I don't know the titles as well as he does,
but the ones that are, you know, really seemingly authentic.
But then Japanese soldiers are speaking in English, you know.
And yeah, yeah, I love subtitles about as much as
the next guy, So it doesn't frustrate me too much

(00:44):
that I have to listen to Japanese soldiers speak in English.
But I think that for the sake of authenticity, subtitles
would have been better. That's true. And actually it's funny
if you mentioned movies because the topic we're talking about today,
I have a lot of favorite movies that are based
around this course situation. Uh, if you've ever seen like
Father Goose or Heaving Knows. Mr Ellison also old movies. Uh,
they're really interesting because they're set in the Pacific on

(01:05):
islands when um, they're American troops are on the Pacific
and they're fighting Japanese and these very um obscure and
remote islands in the Pacific and they have no connection
to anywhere around them. I can't imagine it would be
like being on a totally different universe, yeah, or a
plan of existence really, because you're you're in the jungle,

(01:26):
so you feel almost like you're reduced to it a
different state of human being at that point. And we're
living off the land, You're you know, having to flourish
for food, you're having to watch out for for all
the wild animals. That wouldn't even be like being part
of society. Yeah, it's interesting. And what we're talking about
is a situation that happened in World War Two. The
US was fighting against the Japanese, and as you know,

(01:47):
the US is very far from Japan and um in
order to stage bombings or like have a base for
which to for which to fight the Japanese, the Americans
needed to get control of the huge number of um
of islands in the Pacific, and so they needed to
one by one take over these islands. And the Japanese
knew that this was what they were doing, and so

(02:07):
they fought fiercely to keep these islands and keep the
US off them. Specifically, we're talking about places like Guam
in Midway and the Philippines, and the Japanese strategy was
put as many soldiers on these islands as conceivably possible
to keep the Allies off because the problem was that
the Japanese couldn't compete with the amount of weaponry that

(02:30):
the American forces had. That's right, the American and the
Allies in general were advancing much faster, and so UH
one of the Japanese UH commanders came up with the idea, well,
we have all these old fighter planes that are really
out of date. We don't really have the resources right
now to update them. What if we made them into
human bombs. So, in essence, the Kama Kaze pilot was created,

(02:56):
and their mission was quite simple. Fly a plane with
these balls ums loaded on them into an Allied chip
and complete a suicide mission, but also take out a
vast number of Allies. That's right, and it's hard to understand.
I mean, we do have the modern equivalent today of
suicide bombers, but in Japan, UM the leaders who wanted

(03:17):
to convince their soldiers of this had a very good
tool to convince them to do this. And this was
this idea of bushito. If I'm pronouncing that correctly, um,
and it was a code. It's a pretty interesting uh
code that was developed originally in like the Middle Ages
and associated with samurai fighters and um or warriors, I
should say. And the code is means the way of

(03:38):
the warrior and uh it's dressed military skill and but
also um, aside from military skill, just like a way
of life, even modest living, honesty, especially honor itself. Right,
and this was incredibly important to creating an atmosphere of
peace throughout Japan. But then by around the eighteenth century,
Japan wise and askince a peaceful country and the samur

(04:00):
I didn't have a lot more to do, and so
the code still very much existed in people's minds as
a legacy of Japan, but it wasn't really being put
to use. And so when the idea came up that
a kama Kaze pilot could you know, fulfill this this
code and and have bushido and this honor bestowed upon
him for his country, people jumped at the chance. That's right,

(04:22):
and a special part of this was to express loyalty
and just like unflinching sacrifice. And this was a key
point here because in death basically you get honor and
in that in that culture, death can actually make up
for for disgrace in life, right, And I think if
you look at the stats, only about five percent of

(04:43):
of these soldiers just surrendered to online forces during the war.
That's how incredibly important honor is, That's right. And like
like we said, movies, like I've seen plenty of POW
movies full of Americans in British and they all they
were people who surrendered to the Access forces. But the
Japanese were not like that. You know, we didn't have
camps and camps of PWU Japanese because they would rather

(05:03):
die than surrender exactly. And I think that as we'll
see when we talk about some of these Kama Kaze
pilots in just a minute, we'll see that some of
them would have favored death over the disgrace and shame
of living and knowing that they let their country down.
So we know that they started using these Kama kaze pilots,
and we know that the Pacific Islands were incredibly important strategically.

(05:25):
And here's where the story gets really interesting. So all
of these different Japanese soldiers who are staged in these
Pacific islands, they're upholding the same code that the Kazi
pilots with this coat of mashito and an honor. So
they go into the very dense Pacific jungles and they
stay there and they wait and when a battle comes,

(05:47):
they fight it. When a skirmish breaks up, they participate.
But otherwise they're on their own, living in the jungle,
that's right. And a lot of them were advised to
you know, hold out basically and um and stay alive
until reinform ssmans come. And that's where we get the
name for these people. They were called holdouts for stragglers.
And they were called stragglers because when the war ended

(06:08):
in Japan surrendered, they didn't get the memo, that's right.
And um, when the Allies took over an island, the
Japanese knew that the US was known for for just
scouring the island and taking out the Japanese, whether you know,
killing them or or just capturing them, which of course
would be a disgrace to them. Um. And so they
were very skeptical when they were told to come out,

(06:29):
even if when they were told the war was over,
the Allies were telling the truth. In Japanese were understandably skeptical,
right precisely, And so many of them continued to stay.
And they're in Pacific island strongholds, and they would survive
off the land. There there was one soldier who wasn't
an island near Russia, and he stayed there until nineteen
And there was another group that actually included a woman,

(06:51):
that made their own little society. They made their own clothes,
they hunted down food, they forged, they even made wine
out of distilled coconut jeers. Well, if you can imagine
that one said story that came out of this was
um this group but in seclusion. I think this is
a separate group from the one you just mentioned. But
um one straggler came out and emerged only because his
group had turned to cannibalism. And so you can see

(07:13):
how incredibly desperate and dire these situations were, again all
for honor and upholding the chido. And I think that
without argument, the two most famous stragglers are a Noda
and Yukoi, and they didn't come out until nineteen seventy
four in nineteen seventy two, respectively. That meant twenty eight
and thirty years holding out, either thinking the war was

(07:35):
not over or whatever, just you know, stuck in their own,
their own world. And I wonder if they last concept
of time. I mean, if you were in a jungle
with no other sense of communicating with people, I mean, yeah,
at first you would you would count the sun rises
in the sunsets, and you would know how many days
had passed. But after that many years, I mean, I wonder,
and not only that, to be on the defense of

(07:57):
the entire time, to still be and a warlike mindset,
knowing that any moment the enemy could spring upon you.
And not just that, but you know, on the other side,
you're looking nearver your shoulder for a wild animal just
out to get you too. And so at this point
there were lots of missions conducted to get the holdouts
out of the jungle, that's right. And when Yokai he

(08:18):
was the first one who really came out um out
of these two men. Uh, he was on Guam, the
island of Guam, and for twenty years. And when he
did come out, it was revealed that he did actually
know the war was over, but because of the Japanese
sense of pride and and the idea of shame, he
was pretty ashamed to go home alive when he when
he went over there to fight, and so many of

(08:39):
his comrades died exactly. And I believe a direct quote
from him was, I am ashamed I have returned alive,
that's right, And he said um, like as a soldier,
I was taught to prefer death to disgrace of getting
captured alive. Right. And so we're talking about people who
had been informed every way, you know, their troops, Our
troops knew how. We're talking about notes being dropped from

(09:00):
helicopters into the jungle, messages being blared through loud spakers,
you know, conal the war is over. And a Noda
who held out into nineteen seventy four, he came back
as a national hero. Yeah, since his is a really
interesting story. I think he was on the island of
lou bang and Um, which is only seventies four square
miles um, and he was there for thirty years, like

(09:21):
we said, um, And he was one of those ordered
to hold there until reinforcements arrived, and he also believed
that the war was still going on. Like you said,
even despite these leaflets, he thought they were tricks, they
were propaganda to get him to come out, um, and
it wasn't. And so he didn't know that the war
was over, and he believed the Allies would brutally kill him,
um if he did so, he didn't want to take

(09:42):
his chances. And he actually he wasn't the only one
on the island for much of that time who like him.
He was a part of a four man band of
stragglers as well. And um, they eventually broke up, but uh,
by nineteen fifty, the first member gave himself up. And
when he did find out, hey, the war is over,
he tried to to warn the other three guys. They

(10:03):
didn't believe him. Um, even after the leafless were sent
and uh, you know, they were sending broadcasts their speakers
into the jungle, he still don't believe them. Um. The
three men were convinced it was a lot basically, And
so they were still fighting. And I found that really
interesting that they still had ammer amma on them. They
were being grill of fighters basically, and they were literally
continuing the war. And so when he came home. His

(10:26):
general attitude upon finding out that not only had Japan
surrendered in the war, but even the section on the
military to which he belonged, that section have been disbanded.
I mean he had he was a decorated hero, but
he belonged to no military. And I think his attitude
was one of, well, what's worth living before? You know?
This concept that I've spent the last however many years

(10:48):
of my life upholding it no longer exists in essence,
that's true, and it's interesting like their stories, like when
he comes back, it was a huge story, obviously, and
when he met his parents, it was interesting to me
that his parents were still alive, and I thought to myself,
a wide, didn't they go to the island if they
knew who was there? And I looked into it. It's
because he was actually officially declared dead in nineteen fifty nine.

(11:09):
They really thought he was dead, and his parents did
actually go there for a time, um and send these leaflets.
But because of minor typos Onnata thought, oh, it's a
it's a clue. They're they're being forced to do this,
and they put in these typos to warn me not
to actually believe it, and UM also and so they
thought he was dead by fifty nine, but then by
seventy two, UM evidence showed that he was alive and

(11:30):
one other of his bandmates were alive as well. UM
and he he was actually killed the other the other
person in his group where it was killed in the
skirmish with the police because he was still fighting the war. UM.
And so search parties went out for Anata and they
actually left gifts for him at at one point and
not actually left the thank you note for the gifts,
and so they knew for sure he's alive, you know, yeah,

(11:52):
UM and uh. So finally in nineteen seventy four, it
was a student by the name of Suzuki who um
who saw it. Nada out to convince him to come
out of hiding, and so we found him. Eventually did
find him, and still Nonada was like, no, I'm not coming,
I'm saying where I am, and I am going to
continue to until someone, uh Mike's commanding officer ors me
not to. So Sinceuki did just that, he found uh

(12:15):
not his old commanding officer. I think his name is
ton of Gucci. He was like a bookkeeper at the time.
I think, and so he convinced him to go over
to Anada to say and deliver a formal address saying
lay down your arms blah blah blah, and Donata was
still reluctant, but he finally did go back to Japan.
It sounds like a work of fiction. I know. I
think this would make a better movie than The Castaway. Well,

(12:36):
we're gonna get on that right now. And I think
Jane's going to direct, because she's obviously very well would Yeah,
so she's quite a movie buff. Any any movie questions
to recommendations you want from her, and she's just happy
to do that too, as we are, always to answer
your questions about history or maybe even to fulfill requests
for a certain topic you'd like to hear on one
of our podcasts and in the INTRM. Be sure to

(12:59):
learn more about the Japanese soldiers and Kamakazi pilots and
and other concepts of samurai warriors all on how stuff
works dot com. For more on this and thousands of
other topics. Is it how stuff works dot com. Let
us know what you think. Send an email to podcast
at how stuff works dot com.

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