April 1, 2014 • 46 mins
With 3D printing you can print not just pictures and words, but actual objects from files. And as costs come down, the list of things you can print expand: from food, to organs, to guns.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to you stuff you should know from house Stuffworks
dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,
and this is kind of unusual with me. Is Ben Boldin?
Say Hi everybody, Ben, Hey, everybody, Um, Ben you are
(00:23):
here because well we have some pretty big news. Um well,
because we can't really say exactly why, but um, Chuck
was called away and it's not going to be with
us any longer. Unfortunately. It's a very very sad day
for all of us here. Um. You know, Chuck was
part of this almost from the beginning. Bend. Yeah, Chuck
(00:47):
started in July two. Yes, nice homework, Yeah he did.
And um, you know I always said like that's when
the fireworks happened, like everything, just like that first Chuck
episode of at Least the Amazing. So um, not to
set you up for anything, obviously, but you know, there's
some big shoes to fill and Chuckle be missed. And
I know you love him and everybody out there loves him,
(01:09):
but we've got to keep going on. You know. Yeah,
Chuck is doing what he has to do, and uh,
it falls if alls us. I um, I want to
be respectful. Well, yeah, a long time fan first Time
co host. Well that hopefully that that you know, that
will translate to this that you know that you have
an enthusiasm for not just the topics, but for stuff
(01:31):
you should know in general. You know, like that'll I'm
sure people will appreciate that. I know this is a
little odd. This is it was quick, it was sudden.
He is out of the blue. But hats off to
you man for stepping in like you you're a braver
soul than I am. Ah. Yeah, I'll be honest with you.
I'm a little scared. You're doing good. What Aaron Cooper
is gonna think everybody else is is gonna do. But
(01:52):
I think Aaron Cooper is the least of your worries
probably the show. So well with that, let's go on
with the show. We're talking today about three D printers.
Are you pretty familiar with three D printers? So I
I am as well kind of you know, mostly just
from keeping up with like the big news stories, um,
(02:15):
but the ins and out the details of a three
D printer, um, the machine itself, how it operates. I
didn't really know a lot about until I read this article, Like,
were you familiar with the intricacies of it? Yes, yeah, Um,
didn't you guys have one in the video department. I
don't know if everybody knows this or not, but you
originally started out you're a video guy, and then you
(02:38):
made the leap over to editorial and now here you are,
um and stuff you should know too. Um, but wasn't
there a three D printer in the video department for what? Ye?
And you guys made some pretty good use of that, right, Uh. Yeah.
The three D printer that we had is one of
the early models, so it has some advantages. It can
(02:59):
prints really cool stuff, but as pretty small, uh pretty
small production capacity, it takes a while to get to it.
It's cool. We only have one kind of plastic, so
everything is really bright green. Yes, I remember seeing that.
That's the kind of gives you a headache. Yes, yeah,
and that is that is probably um the bulk of
(03:21):
the cons when it gets to that. But I think
that three D printing is a fantastic and exciting thing.
And a lot of people don't know this, but not
all three D printing is created equally. There are a
couple of different types. So what we were hoping to
talk about in today's episode, right, is that h three
(03:42):
D printing isn't just for you know, cute little chess
pieces or car parts, right, you could do um, you
could do all sorts of things. As a matter of fact,
mentioning news stories we we recently were talking off air.
In my head, I was imagining that we were talking
off air rather about printing human tissue with a with
(04:04):
a three D printers. Some guys at harbor, which is
a gosh, what wake up? Wake up dude? What do
you do? Oh? Man, he got eyeboggers? Yeah, sorry about it.
That's so weird. Like I came in here, Jerry's all
set up in your asleep in your chair. I think
(04:26):
she put something in my coffee, you knockout pills or something. Well,
you looked like, I don't know, you were restless. Yeah,
it was weird. It has had the worst dream, like
you'd gone somewhere, some vague place no one knew where.
We weren't saying and Ben from stuff they don't want
you to know. Yeah, Ben was like in your place
(04:49):
and he was doing like a really good job. You
mean Ben, I left work and Ben took my job. Yeah,
I mean he was he was giving your job. He
was stepping up. Try to fill your shoes kind of thing.
He was doing good. So was it like it didn't
look like a nightmare? I gotta say, I mean it was.
It was nightmarish and that um I didn't like what
(05:12):
I was wearing. But Ben was doing great. So it
was a dream. It was a dream. It was a
pretty pedestrian, mundane dream. But I guess it was like
April Fool's dream of some sort. Uh you know, is
that what this is? I guess because there was a
dream today, today's April Fool's day, it all makes sense,
which would make it an April Fool's dream. Wow. Man,
(05:34):
All right, well you got a little drool on your
lips still, But otherwise I'm ready to go with I
have to say it was nightmarish. I'll just fess up.
The idea of doing stuff you should know without you
is you could have lead with that, you know, and
keep you in suspense. All right, Well, I'm just gonna
go have been killed very quickly, and then we probablyshod
because I mean, ask anybody who was hearing my dream
(05:57):
like it was. He was good. I seed his warm. Yeah,
he did do that a few times. All right. So
well here's the weird thing in my dream we were
about to talk about three D printing. What topic are
we about to cover? Now? Three D printing? What? This
is the craziest dream I've ever had in my life?
(06:19):
All right, my dreaming? Now, now this is for real,
like in fact, I have somewhere to be, so I'd
like to get on with it. Okay, well let's do that.
Then let's put you back to that afterward, and you
can dream about me being dead all you want, because
I still I'm kind of grog. All right, uh so chuck, Yeah,
you're ready to wrap about three D printing. Yeah, it
bugs me already that they call it printing why because
(06:41):
it's not printing. It's uh okay, I see where they
get the name, but it's it's to me, it's a
little bit of a confusing thing. So you're an additive
manufacturing guy, Is that what you're into? Yeah, because that's
the other term for I mean, there's a couple of
other terms summer kind of old timey, like stereo lithography.
It sounds a time um, but additive manufacturing is the
(07:04):
umbrella term for what three D printing is or three
D layering. I like that, Yeah, which is a little
more accurate than printing. Um. Although the reason that they
call it printing, as we will see, is because it
dovetails well with traditional two dimensional ancient printers. It uses
a lot of the same form and function. Yeah, I
get what they said. Yeah, but you mentioned additive manufacturing though.
(07:27):
That's the key is that it's it's not a computer
numerical controlled machining, which is when you start with a
block of something in the carpet down. This is actually
starting from nothing and adding to it, which is really neat.
It's the reverse of that. Yeah. Yeah, And with with
three D printing, I'm just gonna call it that, I'm sorry,
that's what we're gonna okay, or three D p I
(07:49):
call it three D p o um. And he'd say
it with like a smile and his teeth weak thing.
He's got great breath. Um he does. It's pretty pleasant.
Uh we we let's just get past the spent thing.
I'm sorry about my print okay, okay, um. So anyway,
with with three D printing, the whole basis of it
(08:09):
is is you you print a three dimensional object or
you manufacture a three dimensional object layer by layer by
layer by layer, layers can be a micron up to
a millimeter or so thick, and um as each layer
is deposited on top of the next, you have a
(08:30):
three D object that's built. That's I mean, that's there's
some total of it, like everything from I think Ben
even mentioned chess pieces to like you know whatever, I mean,
whatever you can think of. You can three D print virtually,
including guns in potentially one day, bodily organs and things
(08:50):
like that. Ye I can see like an artificial heart
being three D printed. They're working on it. Yeah, yep,
there's I mean, like you say, anything you can come
up with somebody who's trying to three D print or
already has. It's the latest and greatest. It is, and
in fact, Chuck, a lot of people think it's going
to be the next industrial revolution, honestly, and there's a
lot of reason to put some money behind that because
(09:12):
if it, if it does take off, and it's becoming
increasingly possible that it does, is costs come down for
materials and the actual printers themselves, um, the the the
more and more barriers are coming down. And if if
it becomes widespread, man, so long manufacturing and transportation sectors
as we know them. Yeah, and say hello too custom everything. Yeah,
(09:37):
broke your spatula in your kitchen and it's like one
in the morning and you're one of those weirdos eats
dinner at one in the morning. You get a broken
spatula and you can't go to bed, bath and beyond
or else you'd have to break in and know. All
you do is go to your your office computer at
home say hey, Amazon, I need a new spatulate. It
sends the designs to your three D printer, print, you
(09:58):
out a new spatula, wait till cools down, and then
you go finished cooking spaghetti. Yeah. I think the trick is,
uh is cost, Like with any kind of early technology
like this, like costs and size, that's got to come down,
and it already is. And you can buy these things
for like eight hundred bucks. Now you can get them
for I think there's you can get unassembled ones for
(10:18):
like two hundred. Really you can get assembled for like
three or four or five. Yeah. So alright, so should
totally have one in the office we do? Was that
was that real? What was what real? Were you controlling
my dream? I knew it? I knew you were controlling
my dream. Really, that's why I was wearing that. Yeah,
dressing up. It's a little bope. Yeah, I didn't like it.
(10:42):
Uh yeah, there is one somewhere and it really works
like we have used it. Yeah, I remember the did
you you have you not seen the little green like
chest pieces that he was talking about, And no, unless
I saw them and didn't realize that they're awful, some
awful neon green. But yeah, there there's a as far
as I know, it's still here. Cool. But well, you're
saying like this is kind of early on in in
(11:02):
the UM. It's nascent. It's a nascent technology but going fast. Yes,
and it's nascent really as far as entering people's homes
are concerned. As far as industry is concerned, it's been
around for decades now. As a matter of fact, the
mid eighties was when UM additive manufacturing, the the prototypical
(11:24):
three D manufacturing UM or three D printing was really
introduced to the industry sector and saying, hey, guys, you
know you're prototyping process, Well, prepare to cut it by
like seven eights. Yeah, and speed wise, speed wise, materials wise,
(11:44):
c O two output wise. In every way it's called
rapid prototyping, and that, like you said, in the eighties
and early nineties is when they said, you you have
some ideas for maybe a car part or something, how
would you like to And you know what prototyping is
is when you build something to test out. Basically, yes,
as a manufacturer your prototype, but um, they said, how
(12:07):
would you like to work with that prototype tomorrow instead
of you know, a month from now, manufactured and then
like coming up with the design sending him overseas, having
the the prototype built, shipped back to you, finding out
that it didn't quite fit, recalculating, singing it back like
this was the prototyping process until like the rapid rapid
(12:31):
prototyping was introduced. Yeah, and I think, like in many
cases with technology, we have m I T to Bank,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were definitely one of them,
but it seems like there was a several different people
or companies or institutions that were coming up with this
at about the same time. I think car companies had
(12:51):
a lot of the early They definitely bought a lot
of the early ones for sure. So like in in
the in the mid eighties, a guy named Charles Hole
came up with this technique that's still in use today,
where you use a laser two turn some sort of
um plastic e dust a polymer dust into something solid.
(13:12):
It's called alchemy, but pretty much photo polymerization. And it
was one of the earliest types of three D printing.
And like I said, it's still in use today. Um
and Hole went on to create a company called three
D Systems that's still around today, one of the leaders
in three D printing. So he's loaded. Yeah, he's still
the CTO of the company. Uh. Well, I guess we
(13:35):
should talk about the two main processes on direct and
binder printing. Uh. Direct printing is uh, that's the one
that looks and behaves most like your regular like ink
jet printer when you see it moving along. It's the
little metal bars. It looks, you know, a lot like that.
It's got a little nozzle and it's gonna instead of
(13:56):
dispensing inc though, it dispenses either a plastic polymer or
a waxy substance, something that's heated up and melted sprayed, Yeah,
in a pattern that it's supposed to be onto the surface,
and then it cools and harden. Yeah, And that's the
key is it has to come out really hot, and
it has the cool really fast. And if you've seen
(14:16):
these nozzles, it's like you can think of it kind
of like a hot glue gun. Um. That's sort of
what the tip looks like, except much finer obviously, And
it'll even leave like if you're printing like uh, like
a Yoda head which people love to print, and you
have to come from the head to the ear that
sticks out, there's a gap there. There will be even
(14:38):
like little hot glue strings left behind the stuff you
gotta go and like clean up later, right, which is
part of the process. Um. So that's uh, that's direct
three D printing. There's another type that's similar called um
binder three D printing, and it's called binder because you
use a like your base substance is a powder, yeah,
(15:00):
polymer something it's but it's in powdered form and that's
sprayed or laid down in the arrangement that it's supposed
to be for that layer, and then a binder of
like glue or some sort of um liquid that holds
it in place and steals it together um is sprayed
over it. Yeah, So it's two passes, powder pass and
(15:21):
then the liquid paths right, and even though it's there's
two passes, it's actually faster because you don't have all
these different nozzles having to add all this different stuff.
It's just like there's your powder, there's your binder. Yeah,
and you can use that's where you can like use
metals in ceramics and things like that. It really opens
up your world material wise. And then there's multi jet modeling,
(15:41):
which is pretty cool. That's when you have, well you
have many of those jets and if you've seen these
things at work, it's like really cool, just all operating
at the same time, building something right in front of
your eyes, moving like little robots, spraying plastic all over
the place pretty much, um, but in very precise places. Yeah,
like you said, microns at times. And then there's another
(16:03):
one we wanted to give a shout out to called
fueled fuse deposition. I think yes, fuel fuse. Wow, I'm
really having trouble with this one. Fused deposition modeling, which
is basically you're using like even smaller nozzles that are
actually they're not spraying their injecting things, which gives you
an incredibly intricate amount of detail. Or amount of intricate detail,
(16:28):
so you get direct and binder and those are kind
of common, right, they are, yes, very common, and then
there's kind of subsets of those. There's basically, if we
did this episode five years from now, we'd be like,
here's how three D printing works. Going to be one
of these. That's what I had a feeling that as
time goes on, then some of these will fall away,
Like definitely, they're all right now, they're competing to be
(16:50):
basically the three D printing technology that becomes the standard
for all like inkjet. Inkjet printers were invented in the sixties,
but there was dot matrix, all these others, and then
it just became clear that inkjet printing was the way
to go. I think that's what's going on with three
D printing right now. Whichever one is most viable for
the consumer is the one that will usually went out
exactly because that's the one that companies will put all
(17:11):
their money into, and then that's that's where all the
breakthroughs will come from. And maybe on on the manufacturing side,
they might still have their own, like super expensive ways
of doing things, but if you want one at your house,
they're going to have to like scale it down, you
know exactly. So one of the you've got binder printing,
you've got direct three D printing, and then you have
different ways that these can be used. So um, for example,
(17:34):
remember I mentioned Charles Hole in his photo polymerization. Um,
that's you can use that for binding, right. So that's
the laser one. Yeah, so you would use some sort
of powder, right, and then you would use a UV
laser too that expose that powder and turned it into
a solid, right. Just I think it makes that sound.
(17:56):
That's why people love that three D printer. Um. So
you were using like a technically a three D bind
or printing method, but you're using photo polymerization as the
technique to actually buying this stuff together. Right. And then
depending on your material, you might want to use a
different kind of technique like um, selective laser centering is
(18:17):
really good for metals. Yeah, and that that's a laser
as well, and it melts actually melts this plastic powder
and then solidifies it after that, or it can melt
metal powder. So if you're creating like something that normally
would have to be like die cast or machined or
something like that, you're creating a structure that's just a
(18:38):
sturdy But here's the big This is one of the
reasons why three D printing could lead to a revolution
and manufacturing. Um. When you are creating something using a
three D printer, you are able to you're creating a
cross section of it layer by layer. But it's just
(18:59):
a dirty is something solid? Yeah, like the insides of these,
it's neither hollow nor solid. It's got like a lattice
support systems if that's what it calls for. Right, So
you can do honeycomb, you could do lattice. You can
you can subtract a lot of what has to be
in something that's die cast, just because the human hander,
(19:21):
the machines we have aren't capable of making something so intricate.
So you have a lot of waste in manufacturing. There's
a lot of um extra metal in a widget that
doesn't have to be there. With three D printing, you
use just the amount of material you need, and you
can make the thing as lightweight as it's structural soundness
can call for. So like if you want to make
(19:42):
a die cast Civil War soldier, right that's six inches tall,
it can be hollow and use less material. Right, If
you want detail in his laces, you use a three
D printer for that. If you want this clumpy Homer
Simpsons shoes, you can make it die cast. But but but
to to use an even more to the point real
(20:04):
world example, if you're making airplane parts and you are
making a hinge and the hinge made using die cast
techniques is blocky and clunky, and the one with three
D printing is like lattice. Like you said, the lattice
one is going to be more lightweight. If you have
a thousand hinges on a plane, all that extra weight
(20:26):
adds up in the die cast one. It's not there
with the three D printed one, which means the plane
weighs less, which means it uses less fuel, which means
it puts out less c O two or could carry
more even right exactly, and it's possibly even more sound
structurally because this thing has been so intricately created, why
(20:47):
it's really almost endless. The applications for this in the future.
Oh yeah, you spatula is to airplane hinges, Simpson civil
war figures. Well, I guess we should talk a little
bit about the process because this is where it and
you should look at a video if you haven't yet
of a three D printer in action. It's pretty neat
it is, but also it's very tough to describe UM,
(21:10):
and it's just so much easier to just see it. Yeah,
there's a good TED talk from I think two eleven UM.
I can't remember the woman's name, but she does a
good job of just step by step, here is the
basis of of UM three D printing. And here's some
you know, video footage that you're just like, Okay, I
totally get it now. So here's us clumsily. It's something
(21:30):
to explain it well. They all use a similar approach. UM.
Step one is uh C, a D computer aid to design.
This is what you have to start with. It's a
software that you know. It's the same as when you
do like a three D graphics for a motion picture.
What you're doing is just creating a three dimensional structure
(21:55):
on your computer screen. That's basically your blueprint. Yeah, it's
what you're gonna end making. It's CAD software. It's like
the same stuff that architects or engineers use because not
only can you design it in three dimensions, you can
also test its soundness. You can model it. Yeah, like
a big warning light goes on the breachieve model that
isn't gonna hold cars. Uh number two. And this is
(22:18):
some you know, kind of technical, geeky stuff, but it's
all part of the process. You have to convert that
to something called the st L format Standard Tesselation Language,
and that's basically just a file format developed in the eighties.
UM that allows the two the machine to read the
(22:40):
CAD software. Right, it translates it from the CAD yeah
language to the printers language. Is just a very geeky
step in the process. And that STL format that was
a Charles Whole invention to see. I wonder if if
eliminating some of these steps at some point is going
to be the deal to where you can like draw
something on your computer and plug it into your three
(23:01):
D printer. Yeah, I think that's kind of already there,
but you just have to have CAD and then you
can probably in CAD, I would imagine just export to
um STL format, like changing a word documentaryf or something
like that. I think it's that simple, so it's not
the big of a deal. Uh. And then you're gonna
you're gonna transfer all that to your machine, and there
(23:25):
is a computer that is attached to your three D
printer obviously, and so now it has the the the blueprint,
it is converted to the proper language, and it's ready
to go. Yeah, and you press the green button and
you sit back and put yourself a scotch and you
watch the magic happen. Yeah, or you go to bed
and you wake up the next day and you're like, wow,
(23:46):
that didn't turn out how I was supposed to. Yeah.
It does take a while, it can, at least. So
there's a there's a tumbler called Epic three D Printing Fail.
Of course there is. You should check it out. It's
um like these things go wrong, like when they go wrong,
they really go wrong. Yeah, And it's fun to go
to YouTube and see some of the people that are
doing this at home, and it's it's a process, you know,
(24:07):
to learn how to do it right. You know, you're
probably not going to get a great result right right
out of the gate. Yeah, and if you if you could,
it's just pure luck. Like you're gonna waste a lot
of a lot of consumables and start easy and work
your way up, as would be my advice. But you
do have to set up your machine, which means, just
like you would with your printer, you're gonna make sure
it's full of whatever polymer binder you're gonna use. Uh,
(24:32):
there's generally generally the the ink jets, aren't They move
left and right, and you're gonna have a base underneath
it moves it up and down. Right. They they exist,
the ink jet, the printer jets or whatever. They move
left and right, like you say, up forward and backwards,
and then yeah, the platform goes up and down to
(24:53):
add that third dimension. Right. So apparently with the platforms
they nickel and dime you because they're not reusable, or
if they are reusable there I think because they're heated,
they're supposed to stay heated, so I think it they Yeah,
if you look at like a package for a three
D printer you buy like replacement trade, how much are
(25:16):
they They're not that much, but still it's like a
it's like another expense, uh, just to print your special. Yeah,
you end up paying like hundred dollars for your stupid special. Um. So,
like I said, you're gonna let the machine do its
thing and then afterward you're gonna take it out. You
might want to check on occasionally to make sure your
(25:37):
goda is an all cock eye. Didn't you think that
was hilarious? Those step six removal, remove your three D
printed object from the machine, try to put the potto
spaghetti on your machine and use the spechuler like that,
actually take the special out of the machine. That does
like an unnecessary step And that's even apparently from a book.
(25:57):
What additive manufacturing technology is colin rapid prototyping to direct
digital manufacturing Steps six removal. Well, I think maybe they
include a removal because they do indicate that just to
be careful and you might need to wear gloves and
stuff like that. Yeah, because apparently don't forget what you're
doing is you're spraying or your machine is spraying hot
(26:19):
melted plastic in an enclosed location, in an enclosed room.
Probably so yeah, there's a lot of toxic chemicals involved.
You may want to wear gloves. You may want to
wear like um, a respirator, uh whatever, a Yoda mask
made with your ear. And then afterwards, like I said,
(26:40):
you may need to clean it up. There may be
little hairs, there may need to the things, you need
to brush off some powder and uh then dude, you're ready. Well,
some of them use supports that are water soluble too,
So like these things like that keep Yoda's ears up. Um,
they you can just drop the whole thing in water
after it cures, and then those supports go away and
(27:01):
because they dissolve in water, like they never happened. All right,
So we need to talk about some of the applications
now and in the future right after this message. Alright,
so the future, the future, the present, and the future
of three D printing. It's applications are really really piling up,
(27:21):
like daily. It seems like, yeah, Yoda figuring, that's right.
One reason is, um, the article points out, is because uh,
well there's there's a couple of fronts going on. You
have industrial manufacturing, and you have like artists. I guess
there's three, and then you have just your regular dope
at home that just has like eight bucks laying around. Uh,
(27:46):
and industrial manufacturing is obviously gonna speed things up like
plain wings and artificial limbs. And I saw really cool.
Did you see the three D printed cast? It was like,
you know, it wasn't solid, It was like a like
a honeycomb. So bye bye to the days of like ants, yeah,
(28:08):
and not be able to itch your it's your arm
or whatever. I can't sign sign those though. That's a
good point. You can't really sign the fiberglass ones anyway though. Well,
the back in the old days and it was just
plaster like those were the that was the heyday of
cats signing. And then when they went to not fiberglass,
what is it they used the I don't even know.
(28:29):
I haven't broken a limb. Now. It's not titanium. It's
more like the fabric bandage that ends up hardenings. You
can't write on it. I can't do anything with it.
No one asked me to sign their cast anyway, so
I don't. I don't keep up with the cast. Does
anyone even do that anymore? Or is that a totally
antiquated thing. I'm sure they do. Um No, I didn't
(28:51):
see the cast to answer your question. Okay, but that's
that's industrial manufacturing. They're tackling like the big things like
organs and car parts and playing parts. And that's actually
the second sea change that additive manufacturing has created for
the industrial sector. Because first of all, they revolutionized prototyping,
and then these three D printers got so good that
(29:12):
they're like, well, we can actually produce the actual thing,
like not just the prototype of the model anymore. We
can produce the actual end result. So that's the second revolution,
and it's it's very much here now, Like, hey, you're
a surgeon and Josh was in a horrible accident and
his face was disfigured and you want to put them
back together. We can print out your old lovely face
(29:36):
and show that surgeon shove it under the skin. Yeah,
we can't do that obviously, but it just serves as
the model for the surgeon out instead of looking at
it on a computer screen. Right. Um, and there's a
there's apparently m R I S or f m R
I s are going to be pretty much delivering the
CAD file to a three D printer pretty soon to
(29:59):
create oh yeah, yeah, to create stuff that you need.
All you do is just get an m R I
skin and then bam, here's your implant. Apparently it's all
the rage and dental implants. Yeah, you know, I got
my fake tooth, which took a long time to manufacture
because they weren't using three D printers now, but they
could whip out a tooth for me tomorrow. Ten seconds. Um.
(30:22):
Artists are way into it. UM. If you've been to
a an art show in the past couple of years,
you've probably seen some sort of three D printed um
object UM. Which I feel like at this point, a
lot of the art that's being three D printed, it's
more like it's made by three D printers. It's the
(30:42):
big thing. Yeah, yeah, it's not. Wow, it's really amazing
and it was made by three D It's more like
this is made by a three D printer. Yeah, But
for me, I'd still I guess it's impressive, but I'd
still rather see a sculpture by hand that's something that
was three D printed, you know, I mean that seems
to be a lot more difficult the old school. Um.
(31:04):
There's also like a lot of that's kind of doves
dovetails and with art is um. You know, you can
buy a piece of art now that's someone sculpted using
CAD and print it out at your house and then
you have a piece by that artist. It's kind of
changing art as well. UM. There's also a that's also
(31:26):
kind of being revolutionized in commerce as well. So like um,
I guess going back to the medical thing, there's a
company called the spoke prosthetics where they can kind of
measure your stuff and create a model for it and
then print out your prosthetic that's super tailored. Or you know,
going back to that spatial example, you know, you can
ultimately have some design sent to your three D printer
(31:50):
and then you print out your special So you're paying
for the design and that only has to be designed
once and then it's on it's on the person who
is buying it. It's up to you to manufacture it.
So that kind of takes a lot of the costs
away too. It's really just you don't even have to
build that first one. You just come up with a
good design and you can sell the design over and
(32:10):
over again without ever actually manufacturing anything. Right, Or if
you just think of some cool little thing you want built, um,
maybe your own prototype of something you can you don't
even have to buy all the stuff. There are companies
now that will make your little prototype for you. Yeah,
which is I think far more prevalent these days. Like
if you do order something off the internet, they'll, um,
(32:32):
they'll they send the file to a company that actually
prints it out for you. And there's a professional job.
Unless you want it yourself, for like the home inventoring,
you know, and they want to try out their new
widget that they just made. Speaking of home inventors, we
would be very remiss. Its not in this article. But
there is another, yet another revolution. If you haven't gotten
(32:52):
the idea that three D printing is revolutionary, just rewind
this and start over. UM. The there's a three D
printer called a rep wrap, which is a but it's
a d I Y from scratch three D printer that
you build. You build, you can get the parts that
just just about anywhere UM for a couple of hundred bucks,
(33:16):
and you put it together and you download the open
source software. All this is free, all open source UM.
And the first thing the printer does is it prints
out the remaining parts that it needs. Shut up, swear
to god. It's in its second incarnation now, second generation
rep wrap is called the mendel Ter gregor mendel UM.
And once you have this thing up and running, there's
(33:38):
like a whole world of open source UM three D
printing projects that you can download and print. You can
upload your own stuff. And the great part about it,
since it's open source, if somebody's like this would be
so much better if we just replaced this lattice structure
with a honeycomb structure here, and then all of a sudden,
now it's indestructible and then bam, that thing just got
(34:00):
improved for everybody to come. Yeah, this sounds like something
that's like early Internet stuff that at some point some
government being will squatch. Well yeah, well, I mean all
this free trading of great ideas and things. Exactly. One
of the things is the people who are open source
fanatics are like, dude, you want to solve poverty. You
(34:22):
want to solve like, um, poor healthcare in these areas
like give the give a town a three D printer two,
or teach them how to how to set up a
mental and then they can print out their lab parts,
they can print out replacement parts, they can print out whatever,
and all of a sudden they can take care of
themselves and give deliver good health care. And there's not
(34:45):
they're not relying on you know, aid or donors or whatever.
They're they're handling it themselves because now they're not off
of the supply line. They're totally tapped in just because
they have an Internet connection and a three D printer. Well,
and you sent me an article about a gentleman who
is working on three D printing food, and um, I
(35:06):
don't think of it as like I'm gonna go print
a hamburger. You have to kind of change your conception
of what food is. But it's essentially gonna be a
mix of you know, water and proteins and oils and
whatever makes up the components of a food. And then
he printed out as a little cube or a little
four leaf clover and eat it. Yeah. I don't know
(35:29):
about I mean, it's way early in the stages, but
he's talking about solving world hunger with three D printing. Yeah,
and he totally could because if you have the macro
nutrients right, like you have a protein cartridge, a carbohydrate cartridge,
and fast cartridge, and you're using binder printing, so you're
just putting them together and adding water or something like that. Um,
instant food, right. So his his first proof of concept
(35:53):
I think was chocolate, but the one he's working on
now is pizza, which is perfect because it's in the
layers anyway. So, UM, remember the the the platform that
goes up and down as he did often. The guy
who created that, he he used, Um that characteristic to
bake the dough as it's the pizzas being built like
(36:14):
at the carb layer and then the tomato layer, and
then a protein layer, and the proteins come from like
insects or whatever, which if you're eating it, if it
tastes right, you don't care where it comes from, of course,
unless you pay attention to that kind of thing. But yeah,
he could very easily like that could totally revolutionized food.
And as we get closer to things like being able
(36:36):
to three D print living tissue, which apparently we're at
right there, but the the problem that everybody keeps running
up against his blood vessels, generating blood vessels just just
beyond our technology right now. Once we start being able
to do that, then you will be able to print
a nice, juicy hamburger in your home, Manu. Some of
(36:57):
the some of the downsides of three D printing is
as of now, and and I think a lot of
this stuff, like with anything and technology is going to
get better. They're gonna refine it and make it more
environmentally friendly. But right now, uh, they burn a lot
of energy, about fifty to a hundred times more electrical
energy than injection molding for something that's you know, similar
(37:19):
in size, so that's no good. A hundred times more
electricity is traditional casting or machining. So right now they're
recommending it. It's it's not up to like large scale
manufacturing or anything like that, right like assembly line stuff,
just because it's just burning too much, is wasting too much.
The emissions aren't very healthy. Um. Obviously, if you have
(37:42):
one of these in your home, like you said, you're
an enclosed space, you're burning plastic um, there's gonna be
some emissions giving off given off from that in your house.
So if you know, I don't know what kind of
they probably have venting systems already, don't they. I don't know.
If you in an industrial and I'm sure like they say,
you should probably put this in a vented room. But no,
(38:03):
if you're just a dude with a maker bought on
your desktop, it's in your it's in your room. Yeah,
your rooms as vented as it normally, as I would guess. Uh,
plastics is something we're trying to get away from UM
as a planet, and plastic filament is kind of the
main game right now. Yeah, for for now, I mean,
(38:26):
like as as metals and ceramics, are more and more introduced.
I think, you know, plastics will kind of fall away
or they could, but yeah, for sure, like all three
D printers use plastics right now. You know this one
I would never consider. I thought it was pretty interesting,
is that the piracy uh licensing deals of Like if
you want to go make your own hobbit figuring instead
(38:48):
of paying what's the dude's name, Pete Peter Jacks, Peter
Jackson his cut, or George Lucas his cut, you can
make your own Little Star Wars figures or or printed
but to him and go sell him in the subway.
Kids who don't know any different who ride the subway. Yeah,
we're set up on your own, you know, your own
(39:09):
online shopper or whatever. You know. Yeah, And I mean,
like you can make the argument like, yeah, that's I mean,
that's a problem, and but that's something that would have
to be dealt with, just like everyone lived with the
piracy from music and movies and all that. Like those
industries haven't collapsed. It's true. People are still making music,
people are still making movies, people will still make figurines. Yeah,
(39:30):
that's a good point. And then the whole gun thing
is definitely a touchy issue. Yeah. This guy, Cody Wilson,
twenty six years old, a couple of years ago, Yeah,
was it last year? Was like within the last two
years I think, made it his own three D printed
gun that shot a bullet, and um, they have now
even another company has manufactured a metal gun that shoots bullets.
(39:55):
And that means if you can sell that software, then
book could just skirt gun laws and print a gun
at home. Yes, apparently they already are. Um. I guess
Cody Wilson put it up in the Justice Department took
it down, but not before it was already downloaded a
hundred thousand times at least. And that's the that's a
(40:16):
magic number. That means it's out there forever. Yeah, and
apparently the Congress has already got laws regarding this. Um
as far as having guns that are not made of
metal or like i e. One that you could sneak
onto a plane. But there's a small loophole in that
some of these gun plans have like the tiniest little
piece of metal that maybe not picked up by a
(40:39):
metal detector, but it is untill technically metal, right, and
it's deliberator does have that. It does have that piece
a metal piece. But apparently if if you have the plans,
you can very easily go in and ex that part
out and you have an all plastic gun. Right. Apparently
this Arai Israeli television group printed out their own version
(41:01):
of it, and um I wanted to see how far
they could get with one, and basically we're standing right
next to Benjamin and Yahoo with this plastic gun on them.
They were able to smuggle it all the way into
Parliament um on on the news. So I mean, yeah,
it's it's it's a plastic gun that you could take
(41:22):
through a metal detector, which is a great thing to
unleash on the world. And this guy's a what about
the bullets? I don't know, Yeah, I don't. I don't
understand why it wouldn't be picked up or whatever. But
or maybe they could make plastic bullets. Yeah, but you're
just shooting somebody with plastic bullets. It's like, yeah, jerk, Yeah,
they already make those and they sell them it TWI us. Yeah.
(41:43):
I read this Guardian article and it was like, you know,
this kid is a he's very much like um russ Olbrick.
He was like a libertarian slash anarchists kinda, and um,
he was like, well, it's not my responsibile that I
just you know, I unleashed this on the world. Who cares, right,
(42:04):
you can't. You can't govern this kind of thing. The
Internet is supposed to be free, and it's like, and
that is a that is a can of worms that
I don't think exists in black and white. Yeah, Or
who's responsible legally for some of this stuff one day,
like the manufacturer of the software or you know, but
even beyond legally, who's responsible morally? Yeah? You know you
(42:26):
are my friend, not me, not you, but the individual.
You're not gonna print a gun, No, you'll just print
out a little figures have been Man, that's dream. You
got anything else? Right now? I got nothing else. I
think it's a good overview. Yeah it is. We'll revisit
in five years and talk about which one one out.
This article is hilariously out of date. The lowest, the
(42:49):
lowest price it quotes is it something? It doesn't even
mention the rep rap, the rep rap, it's the big deal. Okay.
Uh So if you want to learn more about three
D printing, you should go read this hilariously out of
date article. On house top works, which by the way,
is being updated to put in an update requests, so
(43:11):
it should be nice and fancy soon. Um. And since
I said search bar, I think I did, It's time
for listener mail. I'm gonna call this wild parrots. Remember
when we talked about the wild parrots confirmed, Um, hey,
guys really enjoyed hanging out with you during the Tattoo podcast.
(43:31):
By the way, it is called a tattoo machine, not
a tattoo gun. Apparently they don't like that. They don't
like that, and we heard about it tattoo people. Are
they tattoo people? Um? Burning man people and who who else?
Seems like there's been one more subset of people that
you wouldn't think just be so like angry. Yeah. I
(43:55):
can't think of anybody any other group that's responded on
mat so angrily. Yeah, burning man and tattoos. Uh. So,
when Josh heard um that parrots like to hang together
when free, I wanted to burst into the podcast room
and tell you about the wild parrots of San Francisco,
my hometown. I'm not gonna get into it except to
(44:15):
say that over the course of my life, the parents
were sort of a living legend that one would occasionally
get the privilege of spotting now and then. However, about
three years ago I moved in with my aunt in
the little San Francisco suburb of Brisbane, and apparently the
famous flock of parrots were also making their home there,
since it was warmer and less windy than most of
San Francisco. Uh. They were often hanging out right outside
(44:37):
my bedroom window, which is pretty amusing but also someone annoying,
especially since my first son was just a little guy
and they are loud. I can vouch for that they're
super loud. Also, guys, I'm sending you the link to
watch the documentary from two thousand three, The Wild Parrots
of Telegraph Hill. So she's recommended that we watched that. Anyway,
(44:58):
did we get that documentary? No? I think it's Um. Yeah,
it was just a link. It's online, so keep it up. Seriously,
if you stopped making podcasts, I'd be one that majorly bummed.
Mama Child Bellow Amy, Thanks Amy and San Francisco via Italy.
(45:19):
Yeah that was weird. Um that it was good. I
didn't doubt you. I want to say, Oh no, I
didn't think so, okay, I that would just be such
a bizarre thing to make up. Um, but yeah, thanks
Amy for supporting Chuck. Chuck loves to be supported and proven, right,
don't we. All. Yeah, if you want to hang out
(45:41):
with us, we've got a bunch of ways you can. Uh,
you can hang out with us, um Pinterest, look for
s Y s K podcast on Pinterest, Twitter, and Instagram. Yeah,
We've got a couple of new social platforms Instagram and Pinterest,
and it's pretty cool. I'm excited. These are just everything
(46:02):
is different, man, Like you very rarely see one thing
is that's on everything. It's like all, if you keep
up with us on like Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook,
you're gonna get a bunch of different awesome information. Yeah,
it's pretty nat cool stuff. So thanks for that. Yeah,
and then like I said, Facebook, Facebook, dot Com, slash
stuff you should Know, um, and you can always send
(46:23):
us an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com
and uh hang out with us at her home on
the web. Stuff you should Know dot com for more
on this and thousands of other topics. Is it how
Stuff works dot Com
Welcome to you stuff you should know from house Stuffworks
dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,
and this is kind of unusual with me. Is Ben Boldin?
Say Hi everybody, Ben, Hey, everybody, Um, Ben you are
(00:23):
here because well we have some pretty big news. Um well,
because we can't really say exactly why, but um, Chuck
was called away and it's not going to be with
us any longer. Unfortunately. It's a very very sad day
for all of us here. Um. You know, Chuck was
part of this almost from the beginning. Bend. Yeah, Chuck
(00:47):
started in July two. Yes, nice homework, Yeah he did.
And um, you know I always said like that's when
the fireworks happened, like everything, just like that first Chuck
episode of at Least the Amazing. So um, not to
set you up for anything, obviously, but you know, there's
some big shoes to fill and Chuckle be missed. And
I know you love him and everybody out there loves him,
(01:09):
but we've got to keep going on. You know. Yeah,
Chuck is doing what he has to do, and uh,
it falls if alls us. I um, I want to
be respectful. Well, yeah, a long time fan first Time
co host. Well that hopefully that that you know, that
will translate to this that you know that you have
an enthusiasm for not just the topics, but for stuff
(01:31):
you should know in general. You know, like that'll I'm
sure people will appreciate that. I know this is a
little odd. This is it was quick, it was sudden.
He is out of the blue. But hats off to
you man for stepping in like you you're a braver
soul than I am. Ah. Yeah, I'll be honest with you.
I'm a little scared. You're doing good. What Aaron Cooper
is gonna think everybody else is is gonna do. But
(01:52):
I think Aaron Cooper is the least of your worries
probably the show. So well with that, let's go on
with the show. We're talking today about three D printers.
Are you pretty familiar with three D printers? So I
I am as well kind of you know, mostly just
from keeping up with like the big news stories, um,
(02:15):
but the ins and out the details of a three
D printer, um, the machine itself, how it operates. I
didn't really know a lot about until I read this article, Like,
were you familiar with the intricacies of it? Yes, yeah, Um,
didn't you guys have one in the video department. I
don't know if everybody knows this or not, but you
originally started out you're a video guy, and then you
(02:38):
made the leap over to editorial and now here you are,
um and stuff you should know too. Um, but wasn't
there a three D printer in the video department for what? Ye?
And you guys made some pretty good use of that, right, Uh. Yeah.
The three D printer that we had is one of
the early models, so it has some advantages. It can
(02:59):
prints really cool stuff, but as pretty small, uh pretty
small production capacity, it takes a while to get to it.
It's cool. We only have one kind of plastic, so
everything is really bright green. Yes, I remember seeing that.
That's the kind of gives you a headache. Yes, yeah,
and that is that is probably um the bulk of
(03:21):
the cons when it gets to that. But I think
that three D printing is a fantastic and exciting thing.
And a lot of people don't know this, but not
all three D printing is created equally. There are a
couple of different types. So what we were hoping to
talk about in today's episode, right, is that h three
(03:42):
D printing isn't just for you know, cute little chess
pieces or car parts, right, you could do um, you
could do all sorts of things. As a matter of fact,
mentioning news stories we we recently were talking off air.
In my head, I was imagining that we were talking
off air rather about printing human tissue with a with
(04:04):
a three D printers. Some guys at harbor, which is
a gosh, what wake up? Wake up dude? What do
you do? Oh? Man, he got eyeboggers? Yeah, sorry about it.
That's so weird. Like I came in here, Jerry's all
set up in your asleep in your chair. I think
(04:26):
she put something in my coffee, you knockout pills or something. Well,
you looked like, I don't know, you were restless. Yeah,
it was weird. It has had the worst dream, like
you'd gone somewhere, some vague place no one knew where.
We weren't saying and Ben from stuff they don't want
you to know. Yeah, Ben was like in your place
(04:49):
and he was doing like a really good job. You
mean Ben, I left work and Ben took my job. Yeah,
I mean he was he was giving your job. He
was stepping up. Try to fill your shoes kind of thing.
He was doing good. So was it like it didn't
look like a nightmare? I gotta say, I mean it was.
It was nightmarish and that um I didn't like what
(05:12):
I was wearing. But Ben was doing great. So it
was a dream. It was a dream. It was a
pretty pedestrian, mundane dream. But I guess it was like
April Fool's dream of some sort. Uh you know, is
that what this is? I guess because there was a
dream today, today's April Fool's day, it all makes sense,
which would make it an April Fool's dream. Wow. Man,
(05:34):
All right, well you got a little drool on your
lips still, But otherwise I'm ready to go with I
have to say it was nightmarish. I'll just fess up.
The idea of doing stuff you should know without you
is you could have lead with that, you know, and
keep you in suspense. All right, Well, I'm just gonna
go have been killed very quickly, and then we probablyshod
because I mean, ask anybody who was hearing my dream
(05:57):
like it was. He was good. I seed his warm. Yeah,
he did do that a few times. All right. So
well here's the weird thing in my dream we were
about to talk about three D printing. What topic are
we about to cover? Now? Three D printing? What? This
is the craziest dream I've ever had in my life?
(06:19):
All right, my dreaming? Now, now this is for real,
like in fact, I have somewhere to be, so I'd
like to get on with it. Okay, well let's do that.
Then let's put you back to that afterward, and you
can dream about me being dead all you want, because
I still I'm kind of grog. All right, uh so chuck, Yeah,
you're ready to wrap about three D printing. Yeah, it
bugs me already that they call it printing why because
(06:41):
it's not printing. It's uh okay, I see where they
get the name, but it's it's to me, it's a
little bit of a confusing thing. So you're an additive
manufacturing guy, Is that what you're into? Yeah, because that's
the other term for I mean, there's a couple of
other terms summer kind of old timey, like stereo lithography.
It sounds a time um, but additive manufacturing is the
(07:04):
umbrella term for what three D printing is or three
D layering. I like that, Yeah, which is a little
more accurate than printing. Um. Although the reason that they
call it printing, as we will see, is because it
dovetails well with traditional two dimensional ancient printers. It uses
a lot of the same form and function. Yeah, I
get what they said. Yeah, but you mentioned additive manufacturing though.
(07:27):
That's the key is that it's it's not a computer
numerical controlled machining, which is when you start with a
block of something in the carpet down. This is actually
starting from nothing and adding to it, which is really neat.
It's the reverse of that. Yeah. Yeah, And with with
three D printing, I'm just gonna call it that, I'm sorry,
that's what we're gonna okay, or three D p I
(07:49):
call it three D p o um. And he'd say
it with like a smile and his teeth weak thing.
He's got great breath. Um he does. It's pretty pleasant.
Uh we we let's just get past the spent thing.
I'm sorry about my print okay, okay, um. So anyway,
with with three D printing, the whole basis of it
(08:09):
is is you you print a three dimensional object or
you manufacture a three dimensional object layer by layer by
layer by layer, layers can be a micron up to
a millimeter or so thick, and um as each layer
is deposited on top of the next, you have a
(08:30):
three D object that's built. That's I mean, that's there's
some total of it, like everything from I think Ben
even mentioned chess pieces to like you know whatever, I mean,
whatever you can think of. You can three D print virtually,
including guns in potentially one day, bodily organs and things
(08:50):
like that. Ye I can see like an artificial heart
being three D printed. They're working on it. Yeah, yep,
there's I mean, like you say, anything you can come
up with somebody who's trying to three D print or
already has. It's the latest and greatest. It is, and
in fact, Chuck, a lot of people think it's going
to be the next industrial revolution, honestly, and there's a
lot of reason to put some money behind that because
(09:12):
if it, if it does take off, and it's becoming
increasingly possible that it does, is costs come down for
materials and the actual printers themselves, um, the the the
more and more barriers are coming down. And if if
it becomes widespread, man, so long manufacturing and transportation sectors
as we know them. Yeah, and say hello too custom everything. Yeah,
(09:37):
broke your spatula in your kitchen and it's like one
in the morning and you're one of those weirdos eats
dinner at one in the morning. You get a broken
spatula and you can't go to bed, bath and beyond
or else you'd have to break in and know. All
you do is go to your your office computer at
home say hey, Amazon, I need a new spatulate. It
sends the designs to your three D printer, print, you
(09:58):
out a new spatula, wait till cools down, and then
you go finished cooking spaghetti. Yeah. I think the trick is,
uh is cost, Like with any kind of early technology
like this, like costs and size, that's got to come down,
and it already is. And you can buy these things
for like eight hundred bucks. Now you can get them
for I think there's you can get unassembled ones for
(10:18):
like two hundred. Really you can get assembled for like
three or four or five. Yeah. So alright, so should
totally have one in the office we do? Was that
was that real? What was what real? Were you controlling
my dream? I knew it? I knew you were controlling
my dream. Really, that's why I was wearing that. Yeah,
dressing up. It's a little bope. Yeah, I didn't like it.
(10:42):
Uh yeah, there is one somewhere and it really works
like we have used it. Yeah, I remember the did
you you have you not seen the little green like
chest pieces that he was talking about, And no, unless
I saw them and didn't realize that they're awful, some
awful neon green. But yeah, there there's a as far
as I know, it's still here. Cool. But well, you're
saying like this is kind of early on in in
(11:02):
the UM. It's nascent. It's a nascent technology but going fast. Yes,
and it's nascent really as far as entering people's homes
are concerned. As far as industry is concerned, it's been
around for decades now. As a matter of fact, the
mid eighties was when UM additive manufacturing, the the prototypical
(11:24):
three D manufacturing UM or three D printing was really
introduced to the industry sector and saying, hey, guys, you
know you're prototyping process, Well, prepare to cut it by
like seven eights. Yeah, and speed wise, speed wise, materials wise,
(11:44):
c O two output wise. In every way it's called
rapid prototyping, and that, like you said, in the eighties
and early nineties is when they said, you you have
some ideas for maybe a car part or something, how
would you like to And you know what prototyping is
is when you build something to test out. Basically, yes,
as a manufacturer your prototype, but um, they said, how
(12:07):
would you like to work with that prototype tomorrow instead
of you know, a month from now, manufactured and then
like coming up with the design sending him overseas, having
the the prototype built, shipped back to you, finding out
that it didn't quite fit, recalculating, singing it back like
this was the prototyping process until like the rapid rapid
(12:31):
prototyping was introduced. Yeah, and I think, like in many
cases with technology, we have m I T to Bank,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were definitely one of them,
but it seems like there was a several different people
or companies or institutions that were coming up with this
at about the same time. I think car companies had
(12:51):
a lot of the early They definitely bought a lot
of the early ones for sure. So like in in
the in the mid eighties, a guy named Charles Hole
came up with this technique that's still in use today,
where you use a laser two turn some sort of
um plastic e dust a polymer dust into something solid.
(13:12):
It's called alchemy, but pretty much photo polymerization. And it
was one of the earliest types of three D printing.
And like I said, it's still in use today. Um
and Hole went on to create a company called three
D Systems that's still around today, one of the leaders
in three D printing. So he's loaded. Yeah, he's still
the CTO of the company. Uh. Well, I guess we
(13:35):
should talk about the two main processes on direct and
binder printing. Uh. Direct printing is uh, that's the one
that looks and behaves most like your regular like ink
jet printer when you see it moving along. It's the
little metal bars. It looks, you know, a lot like that.
It's got a little nozzle and it's gonna instead of
(13:56):
dispensing inc though, it dispenses either a plastic polymer or
a waxy substance, something that's heated up and melted sprayed, Yeah,
in a pattern that it's supposed to be onto the surface,
and then it cools and harden. Yeah, And that's the
key is it has to come out really hot, and
it has the cool really fast. And if you've seen
(14:16):
these nozzles, it's like you can think of it kind
of like a hot glue gun. Um. That's sort of
what the tip looks like, except much finer obviously, And
it'll even leave like if you're printing like uh, like
a Yoda head which people love to print, and you
have to come from the head to the ear that
sticks out, there's a gap there. There will be even
(14:38):
like little hot glue strings left behind the stuff you
gotta go and like clean up later, right, which is
part of the process. Um. So that's uh, that's direct
three D printing. There's another type that's similar called um
binder three D printing, and it's called binder because you
use a like your base substance is a powder, yeah,
(15:00):
polymer something it's but it's in powdered form and that's
sprayed or laid down in the arrangement that it's supposed
to be for that layer, and then a binder of
like glue or some sort of um liquid that holds
it in place and steals it together um is sprayed
over it. Yeah, So it's two passes, powder pass and
(15:21):
then the liquid paths right, and even though it's there's
two passes, it's actually faster because you don't have all
these different nozzles having to add all this different stuff.
It's just like there's your powder, there's your binder. Yeah,
and you can use that's where you can like use
metals in ceramics and things like that. It really opens
up your world material wise. And then there's multi jet modeling,
(15:41):
which is pretty cool. That's when you have, well you
have many of those jets and if you've seen these
things at work, it's like really cool, just all operating
at the same time, building something right in front of
your eyes, moving like little robots, spraying plastic all over
the place pretty much, um, but in very precise places. Yeah,
like you said, microns at times. And then there's another
(16:03):
one we wanted to give a shout out to called
fueled fuse deposition. I think yes, fuel fuse. Wow, I'm
really having trouble with this one. Fused deposition modeling, which
is basically you're using like even smaller nozzles that are
actually they're not spraying their injecting things, which gives you
an incredibly intricate amount of detail. Or amount of intricate detail,
(16:28):
so you get direct and binder and those are kind
of common, right, they are, yes, very common, and then
there's kind of subsets of those. There's basically, if we
did this episode five years from now, we'd be like,
here's how three D printing works. Going to be one
of these. That's what I had a feeling that as
time goes on, then some of these will fall away,
Like definitely, they're all right now, they're competing to be
(16:50):
basically the three D printing technology that becomes the standard
for all like inkjet. Inkjet printers were invented in the sixties,
but there was dot matrix, all these others, and then
it just became clear that inkjet printing was the way
to go. I think that's what's going on with three
D printing right now. Whichever one is most viable for
the consumer is the one that will usually went out
exactly because that's the one that companies will put all
(17:11):
their money into, and then that's that's where all the
breakthroughs will come from. And maybe on on the manufacturing side,
they might still have their own, like super expensive ways
of doing things, but if you want one at your house,
they're going to have to like scale it down, you
know exactly. So one of the you've got binder printing,
you've got direct three D printing, and then you have
different ways that these can be used. So um, for example,
(17:34):
remember I mentioned Charles Hole in his photo polymerization. Um,
that's you can use that for binding, right. So that's
the laser one. Yeah, so you would use some sort
of powder, right, and then you would use a UV
laser too that expose that powder and turned it into
a solid, right. Just I think it makes that sound.
(17:56):
That's why people love that three D printer. Um. So
you were using like a technically a three D bind
or printing method, but you're using photo polymerization as the
technique to actually buying this stuff together. Right. And then
depending on your material, you might want to use a
different kind of technique like um, selective laser centering is
(18:17):
really good for metals. Yeah, and that that's a laser
as well, and it melts actually melts this plastic powder
and then solidifies it after that, or it can melt
metal powder. So if you're creating like something that normally
would have to be like die cast or machined or
something like that, you're creating a structure that's just a
(18:38):
sturdy But here's the big This is one of the
reasons why three D printing could lead to a revolution
and manufacturing. Um. When you are creating something using a
three D printer, you are able to you're creating a
cross section of it layer by layer. But it's just
(18:59):
a dirty is something solid? Yeah, like the insides of these,
it's neither hollow nor solid. It's got like a lattice
support systems if that's what it calls for. Right, So
you can do honeycomb, you could do lattice. You can
you can subtract a lot of what has to be
in something that's die cast, just because the human hander,
(19:21):
the machines we have aren't capable of making something so intricate.
So you have a lot of waste in manufacturing. There's
a lot of um extra metal in a widget that
doesn't have to be there. With three D printing, you
use just the amount of material you need, and you
can make the thing as lightweight as it's structural soundness
can call for. So like if you want to make
(19:42):
a die cast Civil War soldier, right that's six inches tall,
it can be hollow and use less material. Right, If
you want detail in his laces, you use a three
D printer for that. If you want this clumpy Homer
Simpsons shoes, you can make it die cast. But but but
to to use an even more to the point real
(20:04):
world example, if you're making airplane parts and you are
making a hinge and the hinge made using die cast
techniques is blocky and clunky, and the one with three
D printing is like lattice. Like you said, the lattice
one is going to be more lightweight. If you have
a thousand hinges on a plane, all that extra weight
(20:26):
adds up in the die cast one. It's not there
with the three D printed one, which means the plane
weighs less, which means it uses less fuel, which means
it puts out less c O two or could carry
more even right exactly, and it's possibly even more sound
structurally because this thing has been so intricately created, why
(20:47):
it's really almost endless. The applications for this in the future.
Oh yeah, you spatula is to airplane hinges, Simpson civil
war figures. Well, I guess we should talk a little
bit about the process because this is where it and
you should look at a video if you haven't yet
of a three D printer in action. It's pretty neat
it is, but also it's very tough to describe UM,
(21:10):
and it's just so much easier to just see it. Yeah,
there's a good TED talk from I think two eleven UM.
I can't remember the woman's name, but she does a
good job of just step by step, here is the
basis of of UM three D printing. And here's some
you know, video footage that you're just like, Okay, I
totally get it now. So here's us clumsily. It's something
(21:30):
to explain it well. They all use a similar approach. UM.
Step one is uh C, a D computer aid to design.
This is what you have to start with. It's a
software that you know. It's the same as when you
do like a three D graphics for a motion picture.
What you're doing is just creating a three dimensional structure
(21:55):
on your computer screen. That's basically your blueprint. Yeah, it's
what you're gonna end making. It's CAD software. It's like
the same stuff that architects or engineers use because not
only can you design it in three dimensions, you can
also test its soundness. You can model it. Yeah, like
a big warning light goes on the breachieve model that
isn't gonna hold cars. Uh number two. And this is
(22:18):
some you know, kind of technical, geeky stuff, but it's
all part of the process. You have to convert that
to something called the st L format Standard Tesselation Language,
and that's basically just a file format developed in the eighties.
UM that allows the two the machine to read the
(22:40):
CAD software. Right, it translates it from the CAD yeah
language to the printers language. Is just a very geeky
step in the process. And that STL format that was
a Charles Whole invention to see. I wonder if if
eliminating some of these steps at some point is going
to be the deal to where you can like draw
something on your computer and plug it into your three
(23:01):
D printer. Yeah, I think that's kind of already there,
but you just have to have CAD and then you
can probably in CAD, I would imagine just export to
um STL format, like changing a word documentaryf or something
like that. I think it's that simple, so it's not
the big of a deal. Uh. And then you're gonna
you're gonna transfer all that to your machine, and there
(23:25):
is a computer that is attached to your three D
printer obviously, and so now it has the the the blueprint,
it is converted to the proper language, and it's ready
to go. Yeah, and you press the green button and
you sit back and put yourself a scotch and you
watch the magic happen. Yeah, or you go to bed
and you wake up the next day and you're like, wow,
(23:46):
that didn't turn out how I was supposed to. Yeah.
It does take a while, it can, at least. So
there's a there's a tumbler called Epic three D Printing Fail.
Of course there is. You should check it out. It's
um like these things go wrong, like when they go wrong,
they really go wrong. Yeah, And it's fun to go
to YouTube and see some of the people that are
doing this at home, and it's it's a process, you know,
(24:07):
to learn how to do it right. You know, you're
probably not going to get a great result right right
out of the gate. Yeah, and if you if you could,
it's just pure luck. Like you're gonna waste a lot
of a lot of consumables and start easy and work
your way up, as would be my advice. But you
do have to set up your machine, which means, just
like you would with your printer, you're gonna make sure
it's full of whatever polymer binder you're gonna use. Uh,
(24:32):
there's generally generally the the ink jets, aren't They move
left and right, and you're gonna have a base underneath
it moves it up and down. Right. They they exist,
the ink jet, the printer jets or whatever. They move
left and right, like you say, up forward and backwards,
and then yeah, the platform goes up and down to
(24:53):
add that third dimension. Right. So apparently with the platforms
they nickel and dime you because they're not reusable, or
if they are reusable there I think because they're heated,
they're supposed to stay heated, so I think it they Yeah,
if you look at like a package for a three
D printer you buy like replacement trade, how much are
(25:16):
they They're not that much, but still it's like a
it's like another expense, uh, just to print your special. Yeah,
you end up paying like hundred dollars for your stupid special. Um. So,
like I said, you're gonna let the machine do its
thing and then afterward you're gonna take it out. You
might want to check on occasionally to make sure your
(25:37):
goda is an all cock eye. Didn't you think that
was hilarious? Those step six removal, remove your three D
printed object from the machine, try to put the potto
spaghetti on your machine and use the spechuler like that,
actually take the special out of the machine. That does
like an unnecessary step And that's even apparently from a book.
(25:57):
What additive manufacturing technology is colin rapid prototyping to direct
digital manufacturing Steps six removal. Well, I think maybe they
include a removal because they do indicate that just to
be careful and you might need to wear gloves and
stuff like that. Yeah, because apparently don't forget what you're
doing is you're spraying or your machine is spraying hot
(26:19):
melted plastic in an enclosed location, in an enclosed room.
Probably so yeah, there's a lot of toxic chemicals involved.
You may want to wear gloves. You may want to
wear like um, a respirator, uh whatever, a Yoda mask
made with your ear. And then afterwards, like I said,
(26:40):
you may need to clean it up. There may be
little hairs, there may need to the things, you need
to brush off some powder and uh then dude, you're ready. Well,
some of them use supports that are water soluble too,
So like these things like that keep Yoda's ears up. Um,
they you can just drop the whole thing in water
after it cures, and then those supports go away and
(27:01):
because they dissolve in water, like they never happened. All right,
So we need to talk about some of the applications
now and in the future right after this message. Alright,
so the future, the future, the present, and the future
of three D printing. It's applications are really really piling up,
(27:21):
like daily. It seems like, yeah, Yoda figuring, that's right.
One reason is, um, the article points out, is because uh,
well there's there's a couple of fronts going on. You
have industrial manufacturing, and you have like artists. I guess
there's three, and then you have just your regular dope
at home that just has like eight bucks laying around. Uh,
(27:46):
and industrial manufacturing is obviously gonna speed things up like
plain wings and artificial limbs. And I saw really cool.
Did you see the three D printed cast? It was like,
you know, it wasn't solid, It was like a like
a honeycomb. So bye bye to the days of like ants, yeah,
(28:08):
and not be able to itch your it's your arm
or whatever. I can't sign sign those though. That's a
good point. You can't really sign the fiberglass ones anyway though. Well,
the back in the old days and it was just
plaster like those were the that was the heyday of
cats signing. And then when they went to not fiberglass,
what is it they used the I don't even know.
(28:29):
I haven't broken a limb. Now. It's not titanium. It's
more like the fabric bandage that ends up hardenings. You
can't write on it. I can't do anything with it.
No one asked me to sign their cast anyway, so
I don't. I don't keep up with the cast. Does
anyone even do that anymore? Or is that a totally
antiquated thing. I'm sure they do. Um No, I didn't
(28:51):
see the cast to answer your question. Okay, but that's
that's industrial manufacturing. They're tackling like the big things like
organs and car parts and playing parts. And that's actually
the second sea change that additive manufacturing has created for
the industrial sector. Because first of all, they revolutionized prototyping,
and then these three D printers got so good that
(29:12):
they're like, well, we can actually produce the actual thing,
like not just the prototype of the model anymore. We
can produce the actual end result. So that's the second revolution,
and it's it's very much here now, Like, hey, you're
a surgeon and Josh was in a horrible accident and
his face was disfigured and you want to put them
back together. We can print out your old lovely face
(29:36):
and show that surgeon shove it under the skin. Yeah,
we can't do that obviously, but it just serves as
the model for the surgeon out instead of looking at
it on a computer screen. Right. Um, and there's a
there's apparently m R I S or f m R
I s are going to be pretty much delivering the
CAD file to a three D printer pretty soon to
(29:59):
create oh yeah, yeah, to create stuff that you need.
All you do is just get an m R I
skin and then bam, here's your implant. Apparently it's all
the rage and dental implants. Yeah, you know, I got
my fake tooth, which took a long time to manufacture
because they weren't using three D printers now, but they
could whip out a tooth for me tomorrow. Ten seconds. Um.
(30:22):
Artists are way into it. UM. If you've been to
a an art show in the past couple of years,
you've probably seen some sort of three D printed um
object UM. Which I feel like at this point, a
lot of the art that's being three D printed, it's
more like it's made by three D printers. It's the
(30:42):
big thing. Yeah, yeah, it's not. Wow, it's really amazing
and it was made by three D It's more like
this is made by a three D printer. Yeah, But
for me, I'd still I guess it's impressive, but I'd
still rather see a sculpture by hand that's something that
was three D printed, you know, I mean that seems
to be a lot more difficult the old school. Um.
(31:04):
There's also like a lot of that's kind of doves
dovetails and with art is um. You know, you can
buy a piece of art now that's someone sculpted using
CAD and print it out at your house and then
you have a piece by that artist. It's kind of
changing art as well. UM. There's also a that's also
(31:26):
kind of being revolutionized in commerce as well. So like um,
I guess going back to the medical thing, there's a
company called the spoke prosthetics where they can kind of
measure your stuff and create a model for it and
then print out your prosthetic that's super tailored. Or you know,
going back to that spatial example, you know, you can
ultimately have some design sent to your three D printer
(31:50):
and then you print out your special So you're paying
for the design and that only has to be designed
once and then it's on it's on the person who
is buying it. It's up to you to manufacture it.
So that kind of takes a lot of the costs
away too. It's really just you don't even have to
build that first one. You just come up with a
good design and you can sell the design over and
(32:10):
over again without ever actually manufacturing anything. Right, Or if
you just think of some cool little thing you want built, um,
maybe your own prototype of something you can you don't
even have to buy all the stuff. There are companies
now that will make your little prototype for you. Yeah,
which is I think far more prevalent these days. Like
if you do order something off the internet, they'll, um,
(32:32):
they'll they send the file to a company that actually
prints it out for you. And there's a professional job.
Unless you want it yourself, for like the home inventoring,
you know, and they want to try out their new
widget that they just made. Speaking of home inventors, we
would be very remiss. Its not in this article. But
there is another, yet another revolution. If you haven't gotten
(32:52):
the idea that three D printing is revolutionary, just rewind
this and start over. UM. The there's a three D
printer called a rep wrap, which is a but it's
a d I Y from scratch three D printer that
you build. You build, you can get the parts that
just just about anywhere UM for a couple of hundred bucks,
(33:16):
and you put it together and you download the open
source software. All this is free, all open source UM.
And the first thing the printer does is it prints
out the remaining parts that it needs. Shut up, swear
to god. It's in its second incarnation now, second generation
rep wrap is called the mendel Ter gregor mendel UM.
And once you have this thing up and running, there's
(33:38):
like a whole world of open source UM three D
printing projects that you can download and print. You can
upload your own stuff. And the great part about it,
since it's open source, if somebody's like this would be
so much better if we just replaced this lattice structure
with a honeycomb structure here, and then all of a sudden,
now it's indestructible and then bam, that thing just got
(34:00):
improved for everybody to come. Yeah, this sounds like something
that's like early Internet stuff that at some point some
government being will squatch. Well yeah, well, I mean all
this free trading of great ideas and things. Exactly. One
of the things is the people who are open source
fanatics are like, dude, you want to solve poverty. You
(34:22):
want to solve like, um, poor healthcare in these areas
like give the give a town a three D printer two,
or teach them how to how to set up a
mental and then they can print out their lab parts,
they can print out replacement parts, they can print out whatever,
and all of a sudden they can take care of
themselves and give deliver good health care. And there's not
(34:45):
they're not relying on you know, aid or donors or whatever.
They're they're handling it themselves because now they're not off
of the supply line. They're totally tapped in just because
they have an Internet connection and a three D printer. Well,
and you sent me an article about a gentleman who
is working on three D printing food, and um, I
(35:06):
don't think of it as like I'm gonna go print
a hamburger. You have to kind of change your conception
of what food is. But it's essentially gonna be a
mix of you know, water and proteins and oils and
whatever makes up the components of a food. And then
he printed out as a little cube or a little
four leaf clover and eat it. Yeah. I don't know
(35:29):
about I mean, it's way early in the stages, but
he's talking about solving world hunger with three D printing. Yeah,
and he totally could because if you have the macro
nutrients right, like you have a protein cartridge, a carbohydrate cartridge,
and fast cartridge, and you're using binder printing, so you're
just putting them together and adding water or something like that. Um,
instant food, right. So his his first proof of concept
(35:53):
I think was chocolate, but the one he's working on
now is pizza, which is perfect because it's in the
layers anyway. So, UM, remember the the the platform that
goes up and down as he did often. The guy
who created that, he he used, Um that characteristic to
bake the dough as it's the pizzas being built like
(36:14):
at the carb layer and then the tomato layer, and
then a protein layer, and the proteins come from like
insects or whatever, which if you're eating it, if it
tastes right, you don't care where it comes from, of course,
unless you pay attention to that kind of thing. But yeah,
he could very easily like that could totally revolutionized food.
And as we get closer to things like being able
(36:36):
to three D print living tissue, which apparently we're at
right there, but the the problem that everybody keeps running
up against his blood vessels, generating blood vessels just just
beyond our technology right now. Once we start being able
to do that, then you will be able to print
a nice, juicy hamburger in your home, Manu. Some of
(36:57):
the some of the downsides of three D printing is
as of now, and and I think a lot of
this stuff, like with anything and technology is going to
get better. They're gonna refine it and make it more
environmentally friendly. But right now, uh, they burn a lot
of energy, about fifty to a hundred times more electrical
energy than injection molding for something that's you know, similar
(37:19):
in size, so that's no good. A hundred times more
electricity is traditional casting or machining. So right now they're
recommending it. It's it's not up to like large scale
manufacturing or anything like that, right like assembly line stuff,
just because it's just burning too much, is wasting too much.
The emissions aren't very healthy. Um. Obviously, if you have
(37:42):
one of these in your home, like you said, you're
an enclosed space, you're burning plastic um, there's gonna be
some emissions giving off given off from that in your house.
So if you know, I don't know what kind of
they probably have venting systems already, don't they. I don't know.
If you in an industrial and I'm sure like they say,
you should probably put this in a vented room. But no,
(38:03):
if you're just a dude with a maker bought on
your desktop, it's in your it's in your room. Yeah,
your rooms as vented as it normally, as I would guess. Uh,
plastics is something we're trying to get away from UM
as a planet, and plastic filament is kind of the
main game right now. Yeah, for for now, I mean,
(38:26):
like as as metals and ceramics, are more and more introduced.
I think, you know, plastics will kind of fall away
or they could, but yeah, for sure, like all three
D printers use plastics right now. You know this one
I would never consider. I thought it was pretty interesting,
is that the piracy uh licensing deals of Like if
you want to go make your own hobbit figuring instead
(38:48):
of paying what's the dude's name, Pete Peter Jacks, Peter
Jackson his cut, or George Lucas his cut, you can
make your own Little Star Wars figures or or printed
but to him and go sell him in the subway.
Kids who don't know any different who ride the subway. Yeah,
we're set up on your own, you know, your own
(39:09):
online shopper or whatever. You know. Yeah, And I mean,
like you can make the argument like, yeah, that's I mean,
that's a problem, and but that's something that would have
to be dealt with, just like everyone lived with the
piracy from music and movies and all that. Like those
industries haven't collapsed. It's true. People are still making music,
people are still making movies, people will still make figurines. Yeah,
(39:30):
that's a good point. And then the whole gun thing
is definitely a touchy issue. Yeah. This guy, Cody Wilson,
twenty six years old, a couple of years ago, Yeah,
was it last year? Was like within the last two
years I think, made it his own three D printed
gun that shot a bullet, and um, they have now
even another company has manufactured a metal gun that shoots bullets.
(39:55):
And that means if you can sell that software, then
book could just skirt gun laws and print a gun
at home. Yes, apparently they already are. Um. I guess
Cody Wilson put it up in the Justice Department took
it down, but not before it was already downloaded a
hundred thousand times at least. And that's the that's a
(40:16):
magic number. That means it's out there forever. Yeah, and
apparently the Congress has already got laws regarding this. Um
as far as having guns that are not made of
metal or like i e. One that you could sneak
onto a plane. But there's a small loophole in that
some of these gun plans have like the tiniest little
piece of metal that maybe not picked up by a
(40:39):
metal detector, but it is untill technically metal, right, and
it's deliberator does have that. It does have that piece
a metal piece. But apparently if if you have the plans,
you can very easily go in and ex that part
out and you have an all plastic gun. Right. Apparently
this Arai Israeli television group printed out their own version
(41:01):
of it, and um I wanted to see how far
they could get with one, and basically we're standing right
next to Benjamin and Yahoo with this plastic gun on them.
They were able to smuggle it all the way into
Parliament um on on the news. So I mean, yeah,
it's it's it's a plastic gun that you could take
(41:22):
through a metal detector, which is a great thing to
unleash on the world. And this guy's a what about
the bullets? I don't know, Yeah, I don't. I don't
understand why it wouldn't be picked up or whatever. But
or maybe they could make plastic bullets. Yeah, but you're
just shooting somebody with plastic bullets. It's like, yeah, jerk, Yeah,
they already make those and they sell them it TWI us. Yeah.
(41:43):
I read this Guardian article and it was like, you know,
this kid is a he's very much like um russ Olbrick.
He was like a libertarian slash anarchists kinda, and um,
he was like, well, it's not my responsibile that I
just you know, I unleashed this on the world. Who cares, right,
(42:04):
you can't. You can't govern this kind of thing. The
Internet is supposed to be free, and it's like, and
that is a that is a can of worms that
I don't think exists in black and white. Yeah, Or
who's responsible legally for some of this stuff one day,
like the manufacturer of the software or you know, but
even beyond legally, who's responsible morally? Yeah? You know you
(42:26):
are my friend, not me, not you, but the individual.
You're not gonna print a gun, No, you'll just print
out a little figures have been Man, that's dream. You
got anything else? Right now? I got nothing else. I
think it's a good overview. Yeah it is. We'll revisit
in five years and talk about which one one out.
This article is hilariously out of date. The lowest, the
(42:49):
lowest price it quotes is it something? It doesn't even
mention the rep rap, the rep rap, it's the big deal. Okay.
Uh So if you want to learn more about three
D printing, you should go read this hilariously out of
date article. On house top works, which by the way,
is being updated to put in an update requests, so
(43:11):
it should be nice and fancy soon. Um. And since
I said search bar, I think I did, It's time
for listener mail. I'm gonna call this wild parrots. Remember
when we talked about the wild parrots confirmed, Um, hey,
guys really enjoyed hanging out with you during the Tattoo podcast.
(43:31):
By the way, it is called a tattoo machine, not
a tattoo gun. Apparently they don't like that. They don't
like that, and we heard about it tattoo people. Are
they tattoo people? Um? Burning man people and who who else?
Seems like there's been one more subset of people that
you wouldn't think just be so like angry. Yeah. I
(43:55):
can't think of anybody any other group that's responded on
mat so angrily. Yeah, burning man and tattoos. Uh. So,
when Josh heard um that parrots like to hang together
when free, I wanted to burst into the podcast room
and tell you about the wild parrots of San Francisco,
my hometown. I'm not gonna get into it except to
(44:15):
say that over the course of my life, the parents
were sort of a living legend that one would occasionally
get the privilege of spotting now and then. However, about
three years ago I moved in with my aunt in
the little San Francisco suburb of Brisbane, and apparently the
famous flock of parrots were also making their home there,
since it was warmer and less windy than most of
San Francisco. Uh. They were often hanging out right outside
(44:37):
my bedroom window, which is pretty amusing but also someone annoying,
especially since my first son was just a little guy
and they are loud. I can vouch for that they're
super loud. Also, guys, I'm sending you the link to
watch the documentary from two thousand three, The Wild Parrots
of Telegraph Hill. So she's recommended that we watched that. Anyway,
(44:58):
did we get that documentary? No? I think it's Um. Yeah,
it was just a link. It's online, so keep it up. Seriously,
if you stopped making podcasts, I'd be one that majorly bummed.
Mama Child Bellow Amy, Thanks Amy and San Francisco via Italy.
(45:19):
Yeah that was weird. Um that it was good. I
didn't doubt you. I want to say, Oh no, I
didn't think so, okay, I that would just be such
a bizarre thing to make up. Um, but yeah, thanks
Amy for supporting Chuck. Chuck loves to be supported and proven, right,
don't we. All. Yeah, if you want to hang out
(45:41):
with us, we've got a bunch of ways you can. Uh,
you can hang out with us, um Pinterest, look for
s Y s K podcast on Pinterest, Twitter, and Instagram. Yeah,
We've got a couple of new social platforms Instagram and Pinterest,
and it's pretty cool. I'm excited. These are just everything
(46:02):
is different, man, Like you very rarely see one thing
is that's on everything. It's like all, if you keep
up with us on like Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook,
you're gonna get a bunch of different awesome information. Yeah,
it's pretty nat cool stuff. So thanks for that. Yeah,
and then like I said, Facebook, Facebook, dot Com, slash
stuff you should Know, um, and you can always send
(46:23):
us an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery dot com
and uh hang out with us at her home on
the web. Stuff you should Know dot com for more
on this and thousands of other topics. Is it how
Stuff works dot Com
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Josh Clark
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