Womanica

Diamanda Galás (1955-present) is a musician and vocalist whose singular, shocking—and sometimes downright satanic—vocal style has captivated fans and critics alike for decades. Through her music, she seeks to give voice to the suffering of marginalized groups throughout history.  

For Further Reading:

• A Guide to Diamanda Galás’ Work 
• Diamanda Galás Gives Voice to Unbearable...

Mabel Addis (1912-2004) was a pioneering educator and writer who created the first narrative-driven video game, The Sumerian Game, in 1964. Blending her expertise in history and storytelling with emerging computer technology, she became the first video game writer and the first female game designer. Though largely overlooked in her time, her work laid the foundation for educational games and narrative design in the gaming industry.

Alison Bechdel (1960-present) is an American cartoonist and graphic memoirist best known for her groundbreaking comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For and her acclaimed graphic memoir Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic (2006).  Bechdel is also known for the "Bechdel Test," a measure of gender representation in fiction. In 2014, she was awarded a MacArthur "Genius" Grant for her contributions to literature and visual storytelling.

For F...

Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899) was a French artist best known for her realist style paintings, mostly focused on animals and rural life in France and Europe. Rosa shattered conventions for women at the time, never marrying, wearing men's clothes, and always advocating for her work as being equal, if not better, than male artists. 

For Further Reading: 

• Art is a Tyrant: The Unconventional Life of Rosa Bon...

Siouxsie Sioux (1957-present) is an English musician and cultural icon who helped shape the punk and gothic rock movements with her band Siouxsie and the Banshees. Known for her commanding stage presence, fierce makeup and fashion, and defiant lyrics, she broke boundaries for women in music.

For Further Reading:

• Siouxsie Sioux: 'I've always felt on the outside' – a classic interview from the vaults

Táhirih (c. 1814 - 1852) was a poet, theologian, and revolutionary. Born into privilege in 19th-century Persia, she defied religious and cultural expectations to become a leading voice in the Bábí movement. Her fearless advocacy for women’s equality and her dramatic unveiling at the Conference of Badasht shocked a nation. Though executed for her beliefs, her words and legacy continue to inspire movements ...

Clara Campoamor (1888-1972) was a Spanish politician, lawyer, and writer, considered by some to be the mother of the Spanish feminist movement. She championed the inclusion of women's suffrage in the 1931 Spanish Constitution and was elected to the Constituent Courts in 1931, becoming one of the first women in Spanish parliament. 

For Further Reading: 

• Clara Campoamor · Pioneering Female Jurists

Aouta Kéita (1912-1980) was a Malian midwife, political activist and writer. She was one of the first women in French West Africa to become a professionally trained midwife. She was an activist and supporter of independence and women’s rights, and the first woman to serve in Mali’s National Assembly. Her autobiography is considered a landmark feminist text in African literature.

For Further Reading:

Amy Winehouse (1983-2011) was an English singer-songwriter whose unique vocals and genre mixing made her a household name with just two albums in her career.

For Further Reading: 

• Amy Winehouse: Biography, Musician, Grammy Winner
• Growing up with my sister Amy Winehouse
• Amy Winehouse, British Soul Singer With a Troubled Life, Dies at 27
• Amy Winehou...

Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) was one of the greatest Marxist thinkers of the 20th century. She was an economist, a speaker, socialist party leader, and writer on Marxism, the working class, and freedom. She helped found many socialist newspapers, the Polish Social Democratic Party, and the Spartacus League.

Further Reading:

• Rosa Luxemburg 
• The Life of Rosa Luxemburg
• O...

Yayoi Kusama (1929 - present) is a contemporary Japanese artist working across painting, sculpture, film, and installation. She has produced a body of work formally unified by its use of repetitive dots, pumpkins, and mirrors. She has been acknowledged as one of the most important living artists to come out of Japan, the world's top-selling female artist, and the world's most successful living artist. Her work influenced that of he...

Joan Clarke (1917-1996) was a codebreaker for the British armed forces during World War II. Her work alongside famous computer scientist Alan Turing was pivotal in decoding Nazi communications and bringing the war to an end. 

For Further Reading:

• Joan Clarke (1917 - 1996) - Biography - MacTutor History of Mathematics
• 100 Years Ago: Joan Clarke
• Joan Clarke, woman who...

Hipparchia of Maroneia (c.300 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and one of the few women known to have actively participated in ancient philosophical discourse. A member of the Cynic school, she rejected wealth, societal expectations, and traditional gender roles to live a life of radical simplicity and public defiance alongside her husband, Crates of Thebes. 

For Further Reading:

• Hipparchia the Cynic: Devot...

Annie Hindle (c. 1840s - c. 1900s) was an actress, comic, and performer who was famous in American variety circuits in the late 1800s. Born in England, and making her name in the Music Hall scene there, she was known mainly as a male-impersonator, becoming the first to bring this performance style to American variety theaters. Annie was also much discussed in newspapers for her multiple marriages, both to men and women. Her marriag...

Ōtake Kōkichi (1893-1966) was a feminist writer, artist, and activist in early 20th century Japan. She was a member of the Japanese Bluestocking Society, which aimed to promote women’s rights through literature and education. She is regarded as a pioneer for queer feminism in Japan.

For Further Reading:

• Otake Kōkichi — Making Queer History
• Otake Kōkichi 尾竹紅吉 | U-M LSA Center fo...

Patti McGee (1945-2024) a pioneering American skateboarder who became the first female professional in the sport during the 1960s. She gained national fame after winning the 1964 National Skateboard Championship. In 1965, Patti appeared on the cover of LIFE magazine riding a skateboard in her signature move – a handstand – helping to popularize the sport.

For Further Reading:

• Skateboarding Hall of Fame Museum - Pat...

Toyen (1902-1980), born Marie Čermínová, was a gender-nonconforming Czech surrealist painter. They blurred boundaries not only of gender but of artistic form, producing erotically charged, dreamlike images that challenged both political oppression and societal taboos. 

For Further Reading:

• One of a kind
• Mythic Being
• Toyen - Surreal/Radical

Dolores Huerta (1930-present) is one of the most influential labor activists of the 20th century and a leader of the Chicano civil rights movement. She helped found the organization now known as United Farm Workers and helped organize the Delano grape strike in 1965. She is credited for coming up with the rallying cry “Sí, se puede,” which means “yes, we can” in Spanish.

For Further Reading: 

Jean Harlow (1911-1937) was an American actress known as the original “Blonde Bombshell.” She grew to stardom as an extra in silent films and early talkies, captivating audiences with her appearance. Her role as Lola in the 1933 film “Bombshell” popularized the term in Hollywood and the use of it to refer to a striking woman. This was a forerunner to the term "sex symbol,” specifically in Hollywood.

Fo...