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January 22, 2025 15 mins
Why are vaccines so hotly debated? Why are some Americans refusing to innoculate themselves or their children? Dr. Jewel Mullen is an expert in bacterial viruses, a Yale and Harvard graduate, serving as Associate Dean for Health Equity, Office of Health Equity at Dell Medical School, University of Texas. 

Dr. Jewel Mullen bio

Dell Medical School

Partnership to Fight Infectious Disease [PFID]

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Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:01):
This week on iHeart Sency.

Speaker 2 (00:03):
That's very motivating.

Speaker 3 (00:05):
We don't want to go back to having a lot
of people get sick or die to make people say
where's my shot.

Speaker 1 (00:12):
Vaccines in America are in the center of political volleyball. Stay.
My guest, doctor Jewel Mullen, an expert in bacterial viruses,
is here to answer questions about why are the vaccines
so hotly debated and what's the reduction in children getting
their shots doing to our collective health?

Speaker 2 (00:30):
And later, I couldn't imagine scene headlights coming at you.

Speaker 1 (00:36):
David Rose, the communications director of the Ohio Department of Transportation,
here to talk about wrong way drivers and what the
state is doing to reduce them. Now on iHeart Sensey
with Sandy Collins, We're talking about vaccines today, and my
guest is doctor Jewel Mullen. She's an associate dean in
Dell Medical School at the University of Texas. She's also

(00:59):
a emiologist public health expert. She's board certified as an
internist and a graduate of both Yale and Harvard and
Mount Sinai Medical School, and formerly worked for the US
Department of Health and Human Services. She's on the board
for the Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease and a group
of stakeholders that are working on the issue of antibiotics

(01:22):
losing their effectiveness medical things. Doctor Mellen, welcome to iHeart Cinsey.

Speaker 2 (01:30):
Thank you for the invitation, Sandy.

Speaker 3 (01:34):
And you know, if we ever talk again, you can
just say, she's all about prevention.

Speaker 1 (01:39):
Oh okay, how's that?

Speaker 2 (01:42):
Well? Because for your listeners, you know, I help people.
Know that.

Speaker 3 (01:47):
Part of what moves me is to help people understand
how they can keep themselves safe and healthy, what they
can do about it, and to try to do so
with sort of slain language right and accurate information right.

Speaker 1 (02:02):
And mostly we're here to talk about vaccines because of
course it's been become a flashpoint for our country, and
your group says that we are risk of losing community
immunity for those diseases that have already been eliminated because
fewer kids are getting vaccines from their parents. So can
you explain where these vaccination concerns come from what you've

(02:23):
been told?

Speaker 3 (02:25):
Sure, and maybe I'll start with this that concern about
losing community immunity links to the concerns because we know
that vaccines are safe and effective and research has shown that,
but not just research. The experience of generations and families
over our time has shown us that vaccines work and

(02:49):
they're safe because a lot of the diseases that were
common when I was a kid, like measles, which I
have chicken coos, a lot of people are not familiar
with about them, but they didn't get them because they
were vaccinated and there was a lot of protection in
their communities. And that's because with vaccines over time, starting

(03:11):
when children are born up till elementary school and beyond,
we got vaccinated in this country to a.

Speaker 2 (03:17):
Rate where community immunity.

Speaker 3 (03:20):
That ninety five percent protection was what was helping keep
us from having new outbreaks and epidemics. And this past
year across the US for measles and momps and rebella,
we went down to ninety three percent. That means there
are more kids and families at risk for these infections

(03:44):
to spread.

Speaker 1 (03:45):
And that was measles, moms and rebellas.

Speaker 2 (03:48):
Momps and rebellas you know.

Speaker 3 (03:50):
And that's part of the story because I gave a
national figure, but we have states where we're only down
into like the eighties and high seventies, and that number
is based on kindergarten entry.

Speaker 2 (04:09):
Can I say one more thing about that? Absolutely important
for families.

Speaker 3 (04:13):
Babies are born with immune systems that aren't fully developed yet,
so their defenses aren't there, and vaccines have helped keep
children from getting a lot of those diseases, sometimes even
getting yeah, getting that, go on, you say it.

Speaker 1 (04:29):
I was just gonna say, you know, even getting things
that can kill them exactly as like the.

Speaker 3 (04:34):
Measles exactly and so, and I'm glad you said it,
because sometimes when you bring a doctor on and we
say that, it sounds like we're just trying to scare people.

Speaker 2 (04:44):
But that's just that's just real. It's the real deal, right, And.

Speaker 3 (04:50):
At two years old, in many states, only sixty or
seventy percent of children have had all their vaccinations because
a lot of people catch their kids up right before
kindergart because they need to for their kids to.

Speaker 2 (05:02):
Go to school.

Speaker 1 (05:04):
I remember getting kicked out of probably second or third grade,
being sent home with a note that said, you can't
come back unless you get this vaccine. So I thought, oh,
this is great, I won't be in school for weeks.
Little did I know that my mother dragged me down
to the doctor's office that afternoon, and I went back
to school the next day because we don't want to

(05:24):
miss it.

Speaker 3 (05:26):
Well, she didn't want you to miss school, but she
also probably didn't want you.

Speaker 2 (05:29):
To get sick.

Speaker 1 (05:30):
Oh, yes, absolutely right. I wasn't raised with any fear
of vaccines, and I want to know what the objections
are to vaccinating their kids. I've seen some of it
in the news. I saw some of it with when
RFK started running for president. I tried to read up
about it. But can you give me a kind of
a shell idea of what are the objections that parents

(05:53):
have to vaccinating their kids.

Speaker 3 (05:56):
So it's complicated and I won't generalize. So different parents,
groups of parents have different concerns. Some people have been
influenced by a bad information, inaccurate and untrue information that
has been put out in the past, linking vaccines to
diseases that they don't cause, like autism. Vaccines have been researched,

(06:21):
and all the medical research that has been done up
until now that and research continues, has not shown any
link between vaccines.

Speaker 2 (06:33):
And say autism. So that's but that's one piece. Another
piece is that.

Speaker 3 (06:40):
People are more inclined to accept something when they think
it's going to help them. If you've not seen the
bad consequences, you can be less motivated to say it's
worth it.

Speaker 2 (06:53):
Now.

Speaker 3 (06:54):
I'm going to guess I'm older than you, but I imagine
your mother might have known people who had or someone
in their family with polio or measles or chicken pox.

Speaker 2 (07:05):
That's very motivating.

Speaker 3 (07:07):
We don't want to go back to having a lot
of people get sick or die to make people.

Speaker 2 (07:11):
Say where's my shot. So that's why this information is important.
We live in a communication environment where it is way
too easy for untrue and misleading information to get out
there not be corrected and spread.

Speaker 3 (07:30):
So that means people have to know and have a
place where they can go to get that accurate information.

Speaker 2 (07:38):
And it's hard, which is why it's so important.

Speaker 3 (07:40):
To have conversations like this to find out where that
information is. I mean, we also need people to be
able to know where to go and to make sure
that they can afford to get the vaccines.

Speaker 1 (07:54):
I'm speaking with doctor juwel Mullen, an associate dean at
the Dell Medical School at the University of Texas and
a public health expert. We're talking today about vaccines and
the hesitation to get them and the problem that that
is actually causing. Last couple of years, the measles was
really hitting college campuses. My daughter was in college and

(08:16):
it was like, oh, you know, what's what's going to
happen here, and they'd have a little outbreak. I think
it was Ohio State University where she didn't go and
other places. Where are we at right now with the measles?

Speaker 2 (08:28):
Well, thank you for mentioning your daughter, because it's a
reminder that vaccines are important for lifelong protection and sometimes
people need booster shots and as people get older, they
need protection.

Speaker 3 (08:40):
From younger kids. Right, So measles, we'll just take measles.
In twenty twenty three in the US, there were four
measles outbreaks four at that number quadripled there were sixteen
in twenty twenty five.

Speaker 1 (08:57):
And these are highly contagiously.

Speaker 2 (09:01):
Highly highly contagious.

Speaker 3 (09:04):
And even though you might say it's a virus, it's
going to go away. Viral infections, whether or not it's
the flu or measles, also make you more at risk
for bacterial infections on top of them, which can make
you your course even more complicated and you threaten your

(09:26):
health even more. What and so let's go back to
the vaccines and those outbreaks. Nine times out of ten
the people in those outbreaks, the people who were sick
had not been vaccinated or they had no record of
ever having been vaccinated. There's a lot of information in that, right,

(09:49):
and there's information in that for the people who want
to say that they're healthy is to ask themselves whether
or not they're protected by vaccines.

Speaker 1 (09:59):
I think the issue is that the government and private
entities are all saying the same thing, which these things
are safe and you should get them, but people don't
believe that information, and that is the big hurdle that
how do we get people to believe that these vaccines

(10:22):
are safe. Has there ever been a vaccine that's been
proven to have been given out and then proven to
be harmful other than side effects.

Speaker 3 (10:31):
So let me start with the first piece, which is
that rather than just thinking, people have to hear what
we say and then do it. They have to have
the opportunity when they're not sure, to get their questions
answered over time, because that's important to talk to the

(10:55):
individual and not just the public when it's the individual
who's concerned.

Speaker 1 (11:00):
That makes sense, yeah, it does, But my issue is
a lot of people, especially in the technology age now,
they're not asking the doctor's questions. They're going online and
finding all that misinformation that you alluded to, and they
don't know to ask. They don't want to ask the
questions because they don't believe the answer coming from the doctor.
That's what's so scary.

Speaker 3 (11:21):
I understand, I understand, And that's where going to the
CDC website, going to their local health department, people have
to decide who their so called trusted messenger is and
they as a starting point, it's not just the trusted messenger,

(11:41):
but whether or not the messenger is giving information that
can be trusted.

Speaker 2 (11:46):
And the information that can be trusted has to be
backed by scientific research. So, you know, there have.

Speaker 3 (11:58):
Been circumstances in the past where people have wondered about
the safety of one vaccine or another, or the refinement.
And what I would say is that we'll just use
you know, we've had near eradication of polio, and that's

(12:20):
a vaccine that over time we have known in the
medical community, which polio vaccine is the best and safest
one to use, and so so I want to leave
that there. Also saying that because if your immune system
is low. You really need to know which vaccine vaccines

(12:41):
to get. It's really important then to talk to your
doctor and say, which are the best ones for me
to take.

Speaker 1 (12:46):
Polio's vaccine was created in the like the World War
two area? Is that not correct?

Speaker 3 (12:52):
Right?

Speaker 2 (12:53):
Especially?

Speaker 1 (12:53):
We have years and years of results to look at
that to.

Speaker 2 (12:56):
Happen right exactly exactly.

Speaker 1 (13:01):
So we're hearing that vaccines are being developed that could
possibly prevent other things like cancer, like different cancers, Alzheimer's MS,
and type one diabetes according to the information from your
research group, where are we in that research? And because
if people are vaccinated averse, you know, is it going

(13:26):
to be hard to get them to accept the idea
that you could get, you know, an inoculation that would
prevent you from having a certain kind of cancer or
maybe you know ward off Alzheimer's.

Speaker 2 (13:38):
Yes, so you are correct, there's a vaccine on research
and development for a number of chronic diseases, cancers, Alzheimer's disease.
And I think since I know we need to wrap
up what I what I would say is, given how much.

Speaker 3 (13:57):
Many people want to know how they can prevent those
chronic diseases, not get cancer, et cetera.

Speaker 2 (14:04):
We need and we want research to deliver for us.
We need to we need to hold up.

Speaker 3 (14:11):
Our confidence that research that has delivered vaccines against these
infectious diseases for us is just as good in giving
us safe and effective ways to keep ourselves protected.

Speaker 1 (14:25):
So your bottom line is today, doctor Mullin.

Speaker 3 (14:30):
Vaccines are safe, they save lives, they're effective.

Speaker 2 (14:35):
It's much safer to get a vaccine than it is
to get the disease.

Speaker 1 (14:40):
That is Doctor Jewel mullen Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease
is the one of the groups that she's involved in.
That's Fight Chronicdisease dot org. If you want to find
out more, Fight Chronicdisease dot org. Thanks for your time,
doctor Mullin today, really appreciate it. Thank you coming up
to unfortunately being something of serious crash, I mean things

(15:02):
like that, I mean it's life changing. Next on my heart,
Sinsy
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